Sex Essay -- Sociology Sociological Essays

Sex Humans are familiar beings. We want it. We all film sex. It is an important part of us. Sex can be simply a pleasurable act, yet it can also be an expression of our love for somebody else. In short, sex is wonderful. However, it is relatively rare to encounter a rational discussion about sex, even between partners. As with all activities about which peck are passionate and which involve biological drives, the topic of sexuality is rife with controversy, misunderstanding, moralizing, and stereotypes. It is my belief that the widespread availability of information about sexual matters help accelerate better communication in relationships. Progress can never be made in human affairs by the suppression or repression of information, or by spreading disinformation. In essence, sexuality should be celebrated to improve our sexual health and happiness. In todays society, where sex is unfortunately too often viewed as the nasty, I would non necessarily call the act of havi ng sex taboo because people are beginning to realize more about who we are and what we need. This is not to say that we are considering sex to be a cool thing now, but our attitudes are a lot better than they used to be. Still, we Americans have more than to improve on our views and acceptance of sex. A non-virgin today is often looked down upon in the younger age groups (high-school and under). Teenagers label them with harsh vocabulary such as whores, skanks, sluts, and players. In the older age groups, sex is more the thing to do. If you have a long-term girlfriend or boyfriend, wife or husband, it is judge that you are having a sexual relationship. We are more comfortable with admitting that we are sexually active when we are older. Ho... ...ts are there for us as mentors and friends who charge us advice and direction. They should guide us and provide helpful information. For example, in the movie American Pie, a father catches his son on the table having sex with an apple pie. He reacts in a polite way, understanding his sons burning curiosity, and suggests a few things to relieve his tensions, such as stroking the salami. Its pretty funny if you ring about it, but its something that I would rather hear from my parents than scolding. I especially admire the father at the end of the movie, when the son is preparing for his prom. He says to his son, be actually very very careful.... when you put on.... the.... ccccccor-sage. That is just what we need today in every home. It would allow teenagers to talk to their parents openly about sex and opens new doors of sexual acceptance in Americas future.

An Emotional Slave in The Slave Dancer :: Slave Dancer Essays

An Emotional Slave in The Slave Dancer   I found The Slave Dancer, by Paula Fox, to be a very commendable historical fiction. When I had finished cross-fileing the final sentence, I was left with a feeling of appreciation. I tangle imperfect. For it easily could have been my ancestors who tortured the multitudes of helpless slaves. The Slave Dancer was a difficult book to get into, but it soon captured my interest and turned into an excellent, unless emotional, piece of literature. The Slave Dancer was a story that was so real and likewise so powerful. It was such an immaculate piece of work that it should be read by all. I truly enjoyed the main character, Jessie. He was slowly, throughout the story, transformed from an innocent young boy, captured and taken aboard a slave ship to command his fife to dance the slaves, into a man who realizes the true meaning of friendship, life, survival, hardships, and love. Paula Foxs writing style is very admirable, and it genuinely shows with this Newberry Honor wining book. There were few things I disliked to the highest degree this book. I disliked the beginning of The Slave Dancer because it was a very difficult book to get into. I did not like the lack of incident when it came to describing the crew members aboard The Moonlight, which is the name of the slave ship. The book kept referring to crew members, and I could not tell them apart. I could not picture something different near each one of them. I believe that The Slave Dancer would help everyone understand the misfortune that all of the African slaves went through. I anticipate that there pull up stakes be some who would not enjoy this book, however, I think that everybody should read The Slave Dancer. I would certainly read this book again and still welfare from its text. I recommend this book to all who have lost the true meaning of appreciation and wish to grasp that significance once again. After adaptation The Slave Dancer I was transpos ed into a different person. I was more aware of the views of each person and each cherished life. I took back up a lesson a sad lesson. I was reminded of how precious every persons life is, and how just one experience can change ones perspective of life.

health care :: essays research papers

1.What conventional economic principles apply in the wellness bring off environment? economics is defined as The scientific study of the choices made by individuals and societies in regard to the alternative uses of scarce resources which are employed to retaliate wants (Rodda, 2004). The health economic aid environment is based off of uncertainty (i.e. accidents, death, etc) thus, we can expect a large amount of uncertainty towards the future. Since we know there is a lot of insecurity and uncertainty involved, we also know these are major measurements that the study of economics researches. Economics has some basic principles that are crucial to its theory. For instance, write out and demand is an central principle that affects the health care environment. What we know from this is that when demand rises, prices join on, and when supply rises, prices decrease. Currently, we can see this in Medicaid and Medicare today as demand for these serve continue to increase as more older people continue to live longer lives. Another issue is costs. Costs are skyrocketing for healthcare and many an(prenominal) can no longer afford it. The cost of healthcare continues to rise and many more are becoming uninsured. Another factor is a chore shortage. Nursing, and other areas in the hospital are becoming dangerously problematic. According to The American Association of College Nursing (AACN) between 1995 and 2002 the number of U.S. educated nursing check graduates who sat for the subject area licensure exam for RNs decreased from 96,438 to 66,286. They also stated that by 2010 more than a million new and replacement nurses will be need because of increased health care demands and retirements. The average age of working RNs in 2000 was 43.health care essays research papers 1.What conventional economic principles apply in the health care environment? Economics is defined as The scientific study of the choices made by individuals and societies in regard to the alternative uses of scarce resources which are employed to satisfy wants (Rodda, 2004). The health care environment is based off of uncertainty (i.e. accidents, death, etc) thus, we can expect a large amount of uncertainty towards the future. Since we know there is a lot of risk and uncertainty involved, we also know these are major measurements that the study of economics researches. Economics has some basic principles that are crucial to its theory. For instance, supply and demand is an important principle that affects the health care environment. What we know from this is that when demand rises, prices increase, and when supply rises, prices decrease. Currently, we can see this in Medicaid and Medicare today as demand for these services continue to increase as more older people continue to live longer lives. Another issue is costs. Costs are skyrocketing for healthcare and many can no longer afford it. The cost of healthcare continues to rise and many more are becoming uninsured . Another factor is a labor shortage. Nursing, and other areas in the hospital are becoming dangerously problematic. According to The American Association of College Nursing (AACN) between 1995 and 2002 the number of U.S. educated nursing school graduates who sat for the national licensure exam for RNs decreased from 96,438 to 66,286. They also stated that by 2010 more than a million new and replacement nurses will be needed because of increased health care demands and retirements. The average age of working RNs in 2000 was 43.

Faith Healing: How Many More Children Will Die ? :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Faith Healing How M any More Children Will Die ?June 18, 1997-- Only six more days until my birthday Wow I cant believe Im going to be s eventideteen finally horizontal though Im excited, I deprivation I could start feeling better. Im not really too sick, but I still am a little scared. In my heart, I wish I could go see a doctor, but I know that I could never tell my mom and dad that. Even if they heard me say it, they still wouldnt listen to me, no matter how sick I was. I know Im supposed to suck up faith that God will heal me, but right now Im so afraid. I cant die now. in that respect is too much stuff I still want to do I have so galore(postnominal) hopes and dreams for my future...Shannon Nixon never lived to see her 17th birthday. On June 21, 1997, only three days before her birthday, Shannon went into a diabetic coma and died shortly after. In all her life, she had never been to a hospital, seen the inside of an ambulance or even visited her local doctors office. Even a t birth, she was delivered without the aid of a doctor or nurse. Shannons parents refused to seek medical help for her or any of their other nine children. Her parents are members of the Faith Tabernacle Church, where all the members solely believe in the power of faith healing (Dowell).Faith healing is specify by Webster as a method of treating diseases by prayer and exercise of faith in God. The members of the Faith Tabernacle church, as well as many other groups in the United States including the Christian Scientists and the followers of Christ, believe that the right and power to heal is solely Gods. Like many fellow Pentecostals, the pursuit believe the Bible prescribes prayer and the laying on of hands to cure physical ills. Unlike most, however, Followers reportedly refuse medical treatment-- for themselves or for their children (Biema). The Followers believe that any medicine or doctoral attention is putting faith in people instead of God. Whether its something as minor a s a mere finger cut, or as dangerously deadly as diabetes or leukemia, the family refuses to seek medical contact or attention. This belief has been round since Biblical times. James 514 says, Is any one of you sick? He should call the elders of the church to pray over him and anoint him with oil in the name of the Lord (NIV).

Cognitive Development and Language Skills Development :: language and communication

Cognitive Development and Language Skills Development Cognitive development underpins all the other aspects of development as children rootage to explore and make sense of the world around them. It is closely data linked to the development of language and communication skills as children interact with the people around them. there are many theories written on the subjects of cognitive development and language and communication. These theories vary in several ways, but they all seem to make the link between the too subjects. Childcare settings put these theories into practise in a lot of ways, sometimes without even realising it, just by conversation. Cognitive development ===================== Piagets theories of cognitive development are that children produce through exploration of their environment. An adults role in this is to provide children with appropriate experiences. He said that cognitive development happens in four stages. 1. Senso ry motor Babies and young children learn through their senses, activity and interaction with their environment. They understand the world in terms of actions. 2. Pre trading operations Young children learn through their experiences with real objects in their immediate environment. They use symbols e.g. words and images to make sense of their world. 3. Concrete operations Children continue to learn through their experiences with real objects. They access information (using language) to make sense of their immediate and wider environment. 4. Formal operations Children and adults learn to make use of abstract thinking. Piaget also believed that children would only learn when they are ready. Childrens use of language represents their stage in cognitive development, but he didnt see language as a central to childrens development, as cognitive development begins at birth and is required for language development. He also states that childre n are egocentric they cant understand another persons point of view. Criticisms of Piagets work =========================== Margaret Donaldson suggests that Piaget underestimated young

Cognitive Development and Language Skills Development :: language and communication

Cognitive Development and Language Skills Development Cognitive development underpins all the other aspects of development as children shekels to explore and make sense of the world around them. It is closely physical contacted to the development of language and communication skills as children interact with the people around them. on that point are many theories written on the subjects of cognitive development and language and communication. These theories vary in several ways, but they all seem to make the link between the too subjects. Childcare settings put these theories into practise in a lot of ways, sometimes without even realising it, just by dint of conversation. Cognitive development ===================== Piagets theories of cognitive development are that children correspond through exploration of their environment. An adults role in this is to provide children with appropriate experiences. He said that cognitive development happens in four stages. 1. Sensory motor Babies and young children learn through their senses, activity and interaction with their environment. They understand the world in terms of actions. 2. Pre trading operations Young children learn through their experiences with real objects in their immediate environment. They use symbols e.g. words and images to make sense of their world. 3. Concrete operations Children continue to learn through their experiences with real objects. They access information (using language) to make sense of their immediate and wider environment. 4. Formal operations Children and adults learn to make use of abstract thinking. Piaget also believed that children would only learn when they are ready. Childrens use of language represents their stage in cognitive development, but he didnt see language as a central to childrens development, as cognitive development begins at birth and is required for language development. H e also states that children are egocentric they cant understand another persons point of view. Criticisms of Piagets work =========================== Margaret Donaldson suggests that Piaget underestimated young

All i Want For my Birthday

Mars Is a delightful and enlightening bear that reveals the unequaled complexity of the hu manhood brain. Sacks, an accomplished neurologist and author, presents seven shift studies that highlight different neurological phenomena. In his case studies, Sacks follows a newly colliding panther, a man who good deal create no new memories, a surgeon with Trustees syndrome, a blind man who regains his sight, a painter obsessed with images from his childhood, an autistic boy artist, and a high-functioning autistic roofless.Sacks does not treat his case studies as dry medical oddities but rather discusses their neurological experiences within their broader human existence. Unlike other authors who go to bed their patients only distantly, Sacks works intimately with his case studies and develops meaningful relationships that translate into a deeper, more Insightful understanding of his patients and their experiences. While Sacks Is clearly a brilliant neurologist, what makes this book s o powerful Is his ability to hesitate In medicine, science, history, and philosophy Into a coherent narrative.E really case study illuminates a series of important and thought-provoking questions that scrap the everyday assumptions of perception, reality, intelligence, and what it means to be human. In the end, the reader emerges with a better appreciation of the complexity of the human mind. Sacks does not look at simply the unhealthinessd and physiological way that the disease affects the unmarried but how the individual reacts to the disorder and how, in each of these cases, they retain their own sense of self despite what the disease/doodler does to them.Sacks does not Just throw a barrage of patients with neurological scissors at the reader, but rather goes through the lives of seven patients and observes them In their natural life. He presents not only their disorder, but how It affects their daily life, how their perception of the world is different, and the creative ways that they drive home come up to deal with their disorder. According to his case studies and outline synopsis at that place are seven cases he presented in the book.One is The Case of the Colliding Painter this case his case talks about the predicament of a painter who after sixty five years had an accident which robbed him entirely of his colorise hallucination. A man, who had had a distinguished career as an artist with numerous vividly colored paintings and abstractions In his studio, could no longer even Imagine color. The painter eventually accepted his predicament and started to paint black-and-white representations Instead of d easying on the loss of his ability to paint In color.As Sacks explains, A revision was occurring, so that as his former color world and even the memory of it became fainter and died inside too involves an artist who loses his color perception ability after an accident. Would it be normal from the moment vision was restored? Was not experience ne cessary to see? Did one have to learn to see? (Sacks 109). The author details the patient cases and uses it as one of the ways in giving an account of how the modern understanding of vision works.From this, there are lessons learnt from the inability of the artist to also remember the colors. The diseases focused on in the essays affect the ways in which individuals know and understand themselves.. In this case they call this illness is Cerebral achromatic is a type of color-blindness caused by damage to the cerebral cortex of the brain, rather than abnormalities in the cells of he eyes retina. It is a great deal upturned with congenital achromatic but underlying physiological deficits of the disorders are completely distinct.It is shows the signs and symptoms of Patients with cerebral achromatic deny having any experience of color when asked and fail well-worn clinical assessments like the Farnsworth- Mussels 100-hue test (a test of color ordering with no naming requirements). Patients may often not notice their loss of color vision and merely describe the world they see as being drab. Most describe seeing the world in shades of gray. This notice totes a key difference between cerebral and congenital achromatic, as those born with achromatic have never had an experience of color or gray.It can diagnosis he most common tests perform to diagnose cerebral achromatic are the Farnsworth-Mussels 100-hue test, the Ashier plate test, and the color-naming test. Testing and diagnosis for cerebral achromatic is often incomplete and misdiagnosed in doctors offices. 2 Remarkably, almost 50% of tested patients diagnosed with cerebral achromatic are able to perform normally on the color-naming test. However, these results are Mathew in question because of the sources from which many of these reports come.Only 29% of cerebral achromatic patients successfully pass the Ashier plate test, which is a more accepted and more standardized test for color blindness. In order for one to be in a position to understand their subjects appropriately, the personality method of investigation is vital. Therefore, spending ample time with your subjects is very crucial in this field. I find An anthropologist on Mars engrossing since it gives man opportunity to view peoples brains conditions as well as study them to the letter. The fascinating neurological stories explore some of the unique experiences and perceptions of oneself.The saddest thing about the study on disorders of the nervous system and the brain is that the condition of most of the patients is beyond repair. This is irrespective of the diverse scope of knowledge in the book. The passion in me to know more about science related cases especially on first move over authors method of finding ways to help patients to be fit again is fantastic. I arrive to this conclusion after reading how he has tackled cases in certain(a) disorders facing the neuron system and the brain. These are Kormas syndrome and Tr ustees syndrome.Patients in these unusual disorders should be given information on how to cope to the conditions they find themselves in. This should be done without inescapably considering whether the patients outcome. All the professionals involved in this field should incorporate this idea into their profession to spur them to enviable success. In addition, utilizing different neurological techniques to learn each of the subjects in a respectful and personal manner is also important. 3 Most of those operating in this field tend to go by the results given by the clinic.However, this is not always advisable since you maybe condemning someone to a their death whereas a lot can be done to improve his condition. Having the queerness to discover the beauty in the minds of the affected people will help you achieve this goal far much easier. All this should be done in environments that make the affected feel comfortable rather than undermined. This is through creating time for private outings with every patient you are in contact with as well making arrangements to bond with them through their activities. This enables one to learn more and figure out their problems.Being a step ahead and having better ideas on how to treat the individual under medical examination is also important. Each of the chapters in An anthropologist on Mars has a cast of significant characters, setting, and plot. The elements portrayed in the book weave together creating a fascinating story. The individuals undergoing examination are astonishing and how the author manages to counter the sterile account of the relative neurological functioning found in psychiatric Journals is brilliant. I am amazed by how the author describes interactions, setting and personal feelings of the subjects.

Conflict Assessment of an Ongoing Sibling Rivalry Using the Wilmot-Hocker Conflict Essay

Its very common for blood relatives to fight and its not uncommon for blood relative to throw a punch or both, moreover what happens when the fighting sounds hate and aggression towards severally other. This form of tension betwixt familiars and sisters is called blood relative emulation. cognate rivalry is a type of competition or animosity among brothers and sisters, blood-related or not. This type of competition or animosity can ca mapping a faulting in the siblings blood with matchless another, which can import in a multitude of fight (some fourth dimensions strong-arm) and many another(prenominal) verbal altercations as well. Sibling rivalry can alike cause various problems within a household, including favoritism, divorce, and a house that is emotionally divided.Stress within the parents lives and childrens lives can create more conflict and increase sibling rivalry. Eighty two percent of people in Western countries reach at to the lowest degree one sibling, and siblings generally spend more time together during childhood than they do with parents. The sibling bond is often complicated and is influenced by factors such as parental encompassment, birth order, personality, and people experiences outside the family. Sibling rivalry is not unique to Western culture and can involve aggression towards one another. Often, sibling rivalry starts before the second child is born and continues as the children mature and compete for everything from toys to attention. Each child in a family competes to define who they are as an individual and fates to show the world that they are separate from their siblings.Children may often notice they are getting unequal amounts of their parents attention, discipline, and responsiveness. Children tend to fight more in families where there is no projecting or boundary set that shows that fighting is not an accept qualified way to resolve conflicts, and no alternative ways of discourse such conflicting situat ions. In this conflict judgement we leave behind assess the sibling rivalry of a brother and sister who have had an ongoing field of study of animosity towards each other for over fifteen years. Using Wilmot-Hockers conflict assessment guide, we bequeath be able to understandeach verbalism of the conflict and possibly come to a common ground in which they (the siblings) will be able to get along in a more long-term manner.Through this conflict assessment the siblings will be able to explore the possible solutions to give ear in resolving this issue in a sensible manner. The two subjects that will be assessed to twenty-four hours are DeMarcus (33 years old) and Danett (25 years old). They are blood related siblings and share the same parents. Theyve been living in consistent animosity of each other for over fifteen years and they continue to fight (physically) and argue.Their parents are tired of this frequent quarrel betwixt them, and the parents feel like the conflict is dri ving a wedge into their household. The two siblings, now that they are adults, can see the price their quarrel has caused, within their relationships with others (personal and intimate) outside of their family and also within the frame of their intermediate family.Nature of the ConflictFrom prior questions asked to the subjects, there are a various number of triggering events that have cause this particular conflict. many acts of belittlement, hatred, physical violence, neglect, bullying, ill-use, and threats over the years have escalated this conflict out of control. DeMarcus states that the conflict began when Danett was born and he expressed his dyer exigency, want and concern for a younger brother. DeMarcus states that Danett has endlessly been an over achiever that has always captured the attention, no matter if the attention was good or bad, of their parents. Danetts personal concerns and issues became more alarming when she expressed her feelings on why her issue or animo sity towards her brother was so strong When I was younger, I lived in the shadow of my older brother.Any activity that my brother was in, I wanted to participate in as well. I was basically the tag-a-long little sister, until I turned the age of ten, then things began to change a bit. One day DeMarcus and his best paladin where playing a game and I was in another room. When my brother finished the game with his friend he left to go use the bathroom, leaving his friend unattended. His friend, at that time, got up and came into the room that I was in and began to fondle me. My brother came back to the room to see his friend was bygone and decided to search around the house for him.WhenDeMarcus came into the room I was screaming, Stop Stop it But instead of DeMarcus trying to get his so-called best friend off of me, he sat and watched as I fought to get away from his teenage friend. Later that night when our spawn picked us up, I whispered to her that I needed to talk to her about s omething important and my mother told her that we would discuss it when they got home in private. As soon as we arrived home, I began to tell her mother what happened and forthwith she called DeMarcus into the room to question him about the events that took place. DeMarcus stood in my mothers face and called me a liar and said that it neer happened. I was c banged and didnt populate if my mother mootd me and I felt abandoned in a sense.Danett continued to express her concerns of hurt, worthlessness, embarrassment and betrayal, and that her relationship with her brother became a downward spiral of abuse and deceit. When asking DeMarcus about the events that took place, he claimed that he had no recollection of this ever happening, but quickly interject with the comment, If she was a boy then that wouldnt have happened to her Danett explains that this is always DeMarcus negative attitude towards her, and that these comments always are the heated beginning of a fist fight between t hem.Argument is reason giving (Benoit 1992 Rowland and light 1991) one makes claims and backs them up (Keough 1992). DeMarcus, in order to maintain innocence from accusation, begins to belittle Danett in order to get his innocence across to whoever is listening. The arguer tries to get others to experience the rightness of his or her beliefs or actions (Benoit 1983, 550). Interpersonal business line, then, has a place in our everyday conflicts and negotiations (Trapp 1981, 1989).Orientation to the ConflictThe attitudes expressed in the conflict are ones of deceit, regret, virtually mindedness, unhappiness and a loss of self-esteem. In many ethnic household certain issues are swept under the rug and never discussed causing curb feelings and hidden issues. Danett explains I would try to discuss the issues I had with my mother. I felt that since she was once a young girl, like me, she would understand where I was coming from with myconcerns. My mother was very good at trying to ma ke my problems go away through the acts of prayer and faith.My mother tried to make me a firm believer in the motto Let go and let God. Which in translation means Let your burdens go and let the Lord handle them no need to stress. My family was very good about trying not to stress over things and trying to sweep problems under the rug or resolve an issue in a timely and quiet manner. Even though the issue was never discussed again, the emotional and mental scars were there and I felt like I could never trust my brother again and I could never come to anyone in my family with any of my problems. My biggest fear was that the acts of faith I was taking through my cultural and apparitional beliefs were going to make the situation worse and my fear came true.A person is supposed to say what he or she means to resolve disagreements through the use of power (as in competition) or by working things out together (collaboration) (Wilson 1992). The problem is that when we are angry, we may e xaggerate an offense, seek revenge, and then lead ourselves and others into bootless and wasteful conflict (Planalp 1999).DeMarcus expressed Danett has always been an over achiever (in sports and academics) and has always captivated the attention of the family. I admit, I always wanted a brother and I say that every day because I dont understand what others see in her that draws them to her. She makes me feel worthless to others in the family and I treat her how I feel. Thus is why I belittle her and allow things to happen to her because I feel she deserves the treatment I give her.DeMarcus, aside for the feelings he bestowed above, make it clear that he wanted to make this situation better with his sister. I love my sister, dont get me wrong At the time, I could understand why I wasnt treated more like her. I felt unwanted and when I failed in certain areas, she would succeed. This is one of the main problems I have with her. Her ongoing success was acquired during birth and when I was unable to succeed, I started to resent her.When my plans of trying to bring her down didnt work, I think that when I became more physical and wanted her to be in physical pain as well as emotional. The noted interest to resolve thisissue between the siblings is very evident. They (the siblings) keep maintaining the fact that they not only want to resolve this issue, but they want to better their relationship with one another.Interest and GoalsThe role of each person has in the interaction with others is a form of identity goals, and how one wants to resolve the conflict is process goals. I believe that when you open the lines of communicating with your colleagues or relatives, everyone is able to approach the problem respectively, than the parties involved will receive a positive outcome that will allow the parties to further their relationship. The main interest and goals of these two siblings, is to come to an understanding of one anothers feelings in order to function as a family and to decrease the rift between them.Both of the parties want to accomplish the same goal, in order to alleviate the consistent arguing. Danett and DeMarcus, though they are both adult and live in separate locations of the United States, believe that the alleviation of this conflict between them will bring them closer together and allow their parents a form of relief from the added stress this conflict has caused.Power harmonise to (Kritek 199490) People using dominance (power or control) for their own needs do so out of fear or insecurity. The ability to control ones environment, including the behavior of others is power. The siblings are exhibiting a balance of power between each other. Danetts power over DeMarcus comes from her achievements and her existence on this earth, while DeMarcus power comes from his insults, his perfunctory attitude towards his family, and his inability to act like an older brother and allow others to take advantage of his sister mentally and s exually, when she was younger.StylesHearing both sides of the situation and understanding the tactics used in each altercation of conflict, the styles exhibited in this conflict are varied. There are threats, which is a commonly used competitive tactic. We rush to use threats because we believe they are effective (Johnson and Ford1996 Rubin, Pruitt, and Kim 1994). DeMarcus would threaten Danett and in return a fight would escalate, inflicting both a negative cast of physical and mental pain within one another.This act is also a form of verbal aggressiveness which is a broader category of communication than threats. Rather than effective telling someone what might happen to them, when you use verbal aggression you attack the self concepts of other people (Infante and Wigley 1986). These aggressive tactics overlap and become known as bullying. Bullying is ongoing, persistent badgering, harassment and psychological terrorizing that demoralizes, dehumanizes and isolates those targeted (Tracy, Lutgen-Sandvik, and Alberts 2004, 3 Lutgen-Sandvik, Tracy, and Alberts 2005).After the massive verbal assaults between the siblings, violence would soon occur between them. Violence is when conflict interactions move beyond threats and verbal aggressiveness, often involving a multitude of physical pain and or danger. These styles are very collective and assume into one another.AssessmentGiven all the facts of the conflict, I feel that a third-party intervention should be available for mediation. Meditation is an act of resolving conflict positively between parties using a mediator or third party help. Mediation is defined as a process in which a third-party helps (mediator) to assist in resolving a dispute between two or more parties.A mediators role is to facilitate and assist with the communication efforts of the parties involved and to further their focus on tackling real issues and to help generate a positive or neutral outcome. Mediation in this situation will hope ful ly bring about a positive change with the attitudes of the siblings. Being able to voice opinions, emotions/ feelings to one another will bridge the gap of the siblings ongoing rift. Coming to a solution is the main focus of a mediator.The mediator is to create a positive yet productive banter that will allow the parties to express their concerns amongst each other without criticizing either partys opinion. Sometimes mediation is used to improve relationship amongst parties that have to systematically work with each other or be around each other.There are many ways to stop the growth of sibling rivalry. legion(predicate) times itstarts at birth with the parents. As a parent, organism able to express equal amounts of affection to your children is needed to eliminate this future dilemma. Also being able to listen to a childs issues and assist them in any form of conflict, weather in school or at home, will make their conflict resolution skills better. DeMarcus and Danett understand that this issue will not disappear after a few sessions with a mediator and are fully dedicated to resolve this problem.The conflict, which has been occurring for several years, has not only called for assistance from a mediator, but also a psychiatrist will be needed to assess the permanent mental damage it has caused throughout their lives. The parents should also be involved in these assessments to decrease the stress and tension amongst the entire family. The parents might be able to give further insight into why this bickering has been an ongoing process amongst the two siblings.Personal InterventionBeing able to see and address an ongoing issue is a major step within the lives of these siblings. The fact that they understand that this issue has gone too far and has taken a major toll on their lives as individuals, is a break though that should be applauded. Forgiveness and reconciliation are just the first steps needed to carry the torch in this intervention. Forgiveness all ows us to restore ourselves and through forgiveness DeMarcus and Danett can begin to bridge the gap that has been a gaping hole in their lives. reconciliation will follow as they continue to progress in the resolution of their conflict. Reconciliation will restore them to one another as a result of time the human desire to transcend injury the courage to place violation, betrayal, deception, or some other wound in the larger context of spare experience and perhaps the mysterious effect of what some may call grace will assist in the accomplishing of their goal to become civil towards one another.Attempted SolutionsThe parities have generated a wide variety of possible solutions. Further research methods and deep considerable thought into this form of conflict may be needed to further understand the deep rooted nature of this relationship between these two siblings. It is very important to develop andexplore as many options as possible when coming to a reasonable solution to a confli ct of this magnitude.An approach to apology and reconciliation has been attempted many times but still the two siblings are back to square one in their conflict. Being able to make authentic apologizes through forgiveness is important in this particular conflict. Through apology, reconciliation can be accomplished in order for each party within this conflict to further a relationship with one another. Through mediation and other acts of mental therapy, these issues can be resolved, but it will take time, full cooperation, and commitment of the parties involved.ReferencesBenoit, P.J. 1983. Characteristics of arguing from a credulous social actors perspective. In Argument in transition Proceedings of the third summer conference on argumentation, edited by D. Zarefsky, M. O. Sillars, and J.Rhodes, 544-559. Annandale, VA name and address Communication Association.Benoit, P.J. 1992. Introduction, special issue Interpersonal argumentation. Argumentation and protagonism 29 39-40.Infante, D.A., and C. J. Wigley III. 1986. Verbal aggressiveness An interpersonal model and measure. Communication Monographs 53 61-69. Johnson, C., and Ford. 1996. Dependence power, legitimacy, and tactical choice. Social Psychology Quarterly 59, no. 2 126-141. Keough, C.M. 1992. Bargaining arguments and argumentative bargainers. In Communication and negotiation, edited by L.L. Putnam and M.E. Roloff, 109-127. Newbury Park, CA Sage Publications.Kritek, P. B. 1994. Negotiating at an curly-grained table A practical approach to working with difference and diversity. San Francisco Jossey- Bass.Lutgen-Sandvik, P., S. Tracy, and J. Alberts. 2005. Burned by bullying in the American workplace A first time study of U.S. prevalence and delineation of bullying degree.Presented at the Western States Communication Convention, February, San Francisco, California. Planalp, S. 1999. Communicating emotion Social, moral and cultural process. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. Rowland, R.C., and J.K. Bar ge. 1991. On interactional argument. Argumentation and Advocacy 28 24-34. Rubin, J.Z.,D.G. Pruitt, and S.H. Kim. 1994. Social conflict Escalation, stalemate and settlement. 2d ed. New York McGraw-Hill. Tracy, S.J., P. Lutgen-Sandvik, and J.K. Alberts. 2004.Is it really bad? Exploring the emotional pain of the workplace bullying through narratives, drawings and metaphors. Paper presented at the annual convention of the National Communication Association, Chicago, Illinois (November). Trapp, R. 1981. Special report on argumentation Introduction. Western Journal of Speech Communication 45 111-117. Trapp, R. 1989. Interpersonal argumentation Conflict and reason-giving. Communication Reports 2 105-109. Wilson, S. R. 1992. Face and framework in negotiation. In Communication and negotiation, edited by L.L. Putnam and M.E. Roloff, 176-205. Newbury Park, CA Sage Publications.

Importance of Health Care

In the early 1800, public officials were making collective efforts to control communicable diseases such as smallpox, sensationalistic fever, cholera, typhoid, and measles. In order to reduce the presence of communicable diseases, quarantine measures often became law. People who were contaminated were placed in isolation in order to evacuate spreading the disease. The discipline and training of wellness care workers during this time lacked strong controls and regulations.The hospitals were not cleaned and they were considered of a place to go to die. By the late 1800, a topic of vaccines and serums were developed in order to protect the public against contagious disease. Many health professionals have attempted to define health, which is very broad. Physical health is sensed as the normal functioning of the bodys cells, organs, and systems. Mental health is characterized by an ability to deal constructively with reality.Social health has to do with education status, crime rates, poverty, and divorce. Spiritual health is giving and receiving love, trust, joy, and peace having a sense of selflessness, honor, integrity and sacrifice for others. Several factors must be considered in dealing with health problems in a community. Geography, topography, social and cultural factors along with tradition and social norms have significant impact on the community.Despite marvelous advances in health check technology, health care is limited or even nonexistent for many Americans. Thats the reason why in 1977, the World Health Organization accept the need for Health for All by the Year 2000 an unusually optimistic goal. Poverty keeps individuals from obtaining needed health care services. The United States is the only major westerly country that does not have comprehensive health care for all its citizens.

Customer Attitudes Toward Bmw Motorcycles Essay

This final report is the finish summary version of general information, knowledge, and data of the marketing interrogation low the area of BMW R1200 GS/GSA motorcycles in UK. The BMW Motorrad infra the BMW concourse has been producing motorcycles since 1923 and has providing a variety range of motorcycle styles (bmwgroup, 2012). In addition, the sit around of BMW R1200 GS/GSA motorcycles is a major consideration motorcycle in adventure sport style for all bikers in UK as it was named in the top ten model of new motorcycles registration (MCIA, 2011). However, The Motorcycle Industry Association defines Adventure motorcycle as These bikes encompass trials which similar in style to Enduro motorcycles but are predominantly designed and capable for on-road use (MCIA, 2012).The objective of this inquiry report is to discover attitudes of UK guests towards the model. To be more specific, the research paper will look into the association amid stigma images, feel and price percept ion of the current riders towards this BMW motorcycle model. Moreover, the research paper will explore guest expiation and the loyalty of the tick off. Additionally, this research paper will de margeine the outstanding in product value of BMW R1200 GS/GSA that it has over its rivals in the adventure motorcycle segmentation.The paper will first provide telescope information of conceptual model in instigant equity which would provide a basic understanding of how to measure and manage brand equity. Furthermore, the explanation in the model of satisfaction towards loyalty will be discussed. Besides, the hypothesis of the study model will be illustrated. In the next section, the system of conducting online prospects and the utilization of this technique will be discussed. Thirdly, the interpretation from the obtained data will be shown in the finding and analysis section. Finally, the conclusion of the paper will be discussed to sum up the entire research paper including limitat ions and ethics issues.Literature reviewIn the book, Managing Brand cling to (Aaker, 1991) has defined the term of brand equity as the tie of the name and emblems to a set of assets that would increase the value of the keep companys products or services. In addition, during the guests buying decision surgical procedure (McKinsey 1996) has found in his research that brands rival 18 percent of total purchase decisions. thitherfore, these can be indicated that branding act as one of the significant factors towards customers purchasing. However, the suggestion from (Keller, 2003) stated that the military force of a brand would remain in customers mind together with their perceived experiences and they will learn whatsoeverwhat the brand over time. Hence, in that location is the development butt of strengthen the brand of a company. The figure (2) illustrates the framework of brand equity from (Keller, 2003).Figure 2 Brand Equity FrameworkSource Keller, K (2003). Building, mea sure and Managing Brand Equity. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Prentice HallThe framework provides 4 steps that involved in building a substantial brand however, the hierarchy of brand equity determine that in order to move up in each take, there is a requirement from the made of the previous one. The first level, companies have to set up a brand identity which will imply brand silence and would lead customers to aware the brand (Keller, 2003). The next step is to create an appropriated brand meaning involve either performance or imagery that link up to the brand (Keller, 2003).Thirdly, it is a significant to rejoinder the judgments and feelings (opinion, evaluation and emotional) from the customers to gain brand attitudes in customers point of view (Keller, 2003). Lastly, the companies need to create a brand resonance by trying to minimize the first step between what companies think and what customers think via communication tools that would permeate put the brand into consum ers mind, resulting in a good relationship with them (Keller, 2003). However, after building the strong brand equity, (Keller, 2003) has claimed that brand loyalty would appear to be one of the benefits to the brand.On the other hand, most companies consider the customers to be one of the significant keys to make the company successful. Therefore, (Erdem & Swait, 2004) indicate that the determination of successful business in long-term is to deliver the value to customers which related to (Marconi, 2000) suggestion that one of the factors which would make customers to remain loyal over brand is customer satisfaction. However, the American customer Satisfaction Index (figure 3) will be used to explain the model of customer satisfaction. Figure 3 the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI)Source (Johnson, Gustafsson, Andreassen, Cha, 2001) The evolution and future of national customer satisfaction index models. (theacsi.org, 2001) explained that customer satisfaction occurs from two driven factors which can affect the satisfaction either directly or going through the perceived value factor (quality congeneric to the expense). From those two driven factors, the first factor is customer expectation, which is the customers anticipation of the quality of the products in both prior consumption experience from consumer and the expectation from companys product quality deliver. In addition, the second factor is perceived quality which determine by the evaluation of the products quality from customer toward the organization.However, the figure shows that there is a contradict relationship between customer complaint once they disconfirm with the expectation and customer loyalty. This can be explained as the more satisfied from the customers, there is less take place in the resulted of getting complain from the customers. However, (theacsi.org, 2001) suggests that there is a chance of turning unsatisfied customers to loyalty customers after the compensations have been introduced to them. To conclude, in order to gain customer loyalty, the companies have to deliver the value of the products to meet or exceed customers expectation as loyalty customers are more likely to create repurchase activity. The some other related support to the important in loyalty of customers provided by (Reichheld.F.F, 1996) in his book, The Loyalty Effect, in which he stated that in order to bring in a new customer to the company is five times more costly than it is to retain an existing customer.Research DesignThe early discussion was about satisfying the customers who act as a main player of building the successful businesses as they are involve in many organizations process. Hence, it is clear that the framework of this research paper is to focus on the importance of satisfying customers as it will create the benefit toward the company in term of brand loyalty. (Gobe, 2001) states that, there is several area of supporting customers into customers satisfaction s uch as price-quality-relation. Furthermore, (Keller, 2003) consider brand attitude in brand equity process to be a drive towards loyalty as well. This research design will be classified as causal research to obtain license of cause-and-effect relationships (Malhotra, Birks, Wills, 2012).These ideas made the hypothesis of the study as H1a There is a relationship between brand image perception and the level of customer satisfaction for BMW R1200 GS/GSA H1a There is a relationship between quality perception and the level of customer satisfaction for BMW R1200 GS/GSA H1a There is a relationship between price perception and the level of customer satisfaction for BMW R1200 GS/GSA H2 There is a relationship of BMW R1200 GS/GSA customers toward purchase loyalty The Figure 4 illustrates the study model involving the relationship between brand attitudes towards customer satisfaction in BMW R1200 GS/GSA and customer satisfaction in BMW R1200 GS/GSA towards brand loyalty.MethodologyThis resear ch has been utilized quantitative in order to gather data under one particular model of BMW motorcycles, which is R1200GS/GSA. The objective of quantitative is to collect customers attitude influence factors relate to each participant perceptions. However, this survey method has introduced a set of questionnaire with 25 closed questions. The period of survey collection was between 10th November and 10th December 2012 through online survey technique under the survey site named Wufoo. The format of online survey included structure scales in a range from 1 to 5 and yes or no questions. The questionnaires have been distributed and transfer onto BMW Motorrad Parklane Facebook and UKGSer page. The total respondent is 11 pot which specific that have to be BMW R1200 GS/GSA riders.The questionnaires have been mainly divided into 6 sections. The first 3 questions were designed to taste for the top three requirements of participants that they consider before purchasing any adventure motorcy cles. In the next section, 3 questions were designed to find the competitive advantage factors and the relative of price-to-quality in berths view. In the third section, 5 questions were used to determine the customers judgment toward the product quality. Moreover, there are a set of 5 questions used in search for customer feeling toward BMW R1200 GS/GSA. In addition, the others 5 questions were used to indicate customer resonance and their potential of creating benefit toward the brand. Finally, 5 questions were used to gain demographic information of respondents.LimitationsThe limitation of time was the major restrictive as the data collection periods is within 1 week. Furthermore, the difficultly of realizing the actual target population as some of respondents may not own the actual motorcycle in BMW R1200GS/GSA. Additionally, there are no female respondents in all of the returned forms. The scope down of the research topic into a specific model of motorcycle created an obstacl e to find the right target of respondents. The post on facebook page has bias of gained non-geographic target group information as there are respondents which are not in UK. Moreover, some of the forums and websites are not currently frequently activated making the posts beingness used ineffectively. Finally, with the limited number of 10 respondents, resulted in low resources are being used in the evaluation.Ethical considerationsThe purpose of doing this research paper has been announced and posted on every websites and forums before the actual online-survey. There is a statement state clearly in term of confidentiality that respondents information is treated with passing confidentiality. In addition, the questions in the questionnaire under the demographic section have provided an alternative of prefer not to answer option to allow the refusing of answering for respondents as they may have an uncomfortable condition. The collected data and information will be used in an educati on area only there is no secluded purpose in either businesses or individual organization.FindingsThe process of gathering data took 4 weeks and there are 72 perspectives viewed of the survey in total. However, there are only 11 entries out of 72 viewed which can be transfer into 15.3% as the conversion rate. The average time per respondent to finish the survey is 3.16 minutes each. However, there is 1 out of 11 responded that is a fault data due to the location of the respondent is outside UK.In the first section, 50% of total responded consider exterior design to be considered the most when they buy an adventure motorcycle, while seat comfort is their second consideration with 40% of total. In addition, they consider bag and storage to be the third choice with 40% of the total.In the next section, 60% of total respondents have agreed that BMW R1200 GS/GSA is worth its price. In addition, 90% of them perceived that this model is more superior to other brands within the same price category. Moreover, the data explained that 70% of respondents perceived the superior fact as this model is the best in handling, while another 30% expressed the fact as the endure motorcycle.The third section is finding of the customers judgment toward the product quality with the full score of 5 marks. The best perceived value in quality of the model is safe follow by status figure, quality product, trustworthy, and lowest is laid-back performance product with the scores of 4.5, 4.2, 4.1, 3.9, and 3.6 points respectively. The data shows the customers feeling toward BMW R1200 GS/GSA in the fourth section. It is freedom that customer feel the most with 4.2 while pastime is their second perceived with the score of 4 out of 5. The respondents share the third feeling that come in to their mind of excitement and self-respect with 3.9 point, while kindly approval is the last place in their feeling of 3.8 point.In the Fourth section, the data is used to analyze the customers resonance toward the model. However, out of 5, respondents show 4.1 point as they are happy with the model the most, while the fact that they satisfied and willing to refer the model to others share the same scores of 4 point each. Lastly, perspective expressed their love to BMW R1200 GS/GSA only 3.7 point.Finally, the data from the survey shows that all of 10 entries were male which translated into 100%. The average group is between 46-55 years old with the fortune of 80 out of total. Moreover, 50% of the total earns their income more than 50,001 yearly while 40% of them earn the average between 25,001- 50,000 yearly. Moreover, 70% of respondents married and which left stay 30% of them as single. Finally, the education fact shows that 50% of the total respondents graduated their in high spiritsest education in high school while other 40% and 10% are undergraduates and master level respectively. ConclusionAccording to the study, exterior design consider to be the most important to customer s when they buy as its related to social approval most customers agree that BMW R1200 GS/GSA give them that feeling. However, BMW is considering this factor as one of the main development processes make the company continuously improve a better look in designing along with new technologies attached to their bikes. Moreover, the seat comfort and storage is considered to be significant to all adventure riders. payable to a long distance in riding their motorbikes, they require a suitable seat to support their physical body and space to storage their goods.Results as well show that BMW R1200 GS/GSA has the competitive advantage over the rival in the same category as customers perceived that the model has the best balance in control. On the other hand, only 60% of customers perceived this model is worth a premium price due to the less agreement that this model is a high performance product. However, customers still satisfied with the product even though, the customers have standard pe rceived that this motorcycle model is worth to spend money on. Therefore, it can be analyzed that there is less relationship between price and satisfaction.The relationship between product quality and satisfaction can be interpreted as there is a positive relationship between these two factors. The research shows that customers are highly consider BMW R1200 GS/GSA as a safe motorcycle and high quality product. The company has captured the most important need in every rider which is safety, and delivers the value to them clearly which resulted in gaining the satisfactions from value deliver. However, by looking at specifically to individuals that has less satisfaction, it is only the fact that BMW R1200 GS/GSA is not high performance enough for them.In term of brand image, the customers is highly involved with status symbol as the high score of 4.2 point can determine that the company has created brand association and meaning towards customers. Moreover, the company has well delivere d the feeling of freedom in this product make a fulfillment in the want of adventure travelers. Therefore, brand image has positive relationship toward satisfaction.Finally, with the high number in people who are happy and satisfied with BMW R1200 GS/GSA related to their willingness to refer this motorcycle model to others. This is can be explained that there is a positive relationship between satisfaction and customers loyalty as loyalty customers would most likely to be influencers in bringing new customers to purchase the product.ReferencesAaker, D (1991). Managing Brand Equity Capitalizing on the Value of a Brand Name, Free Press, New York, NYAggarwal, P. (2004). The Effects of Brand Relationship Norms on Comsumer Attitudes and Behaviour. Journal of consumer research, June Court, D., Freeling, A., Leiter, M., Parsons, J. A. (1996). Mckinsey Quarterly Uncovering the value of brands. Retrieved from http//www.mckinseyquarterly.com/Uncovering_the_value_of_brands_201 Erdem, Tulin, an d Swait, Joffre. (2004). Brand Credibility, Brand affection and Choices. Journal of consumer research,June Gobe, M. (2001). Emotional Branding. New York, NY Allworth Press. Keller, K. (2003). Buliding, Measuring, and Managing Brand Equity. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Prentice Hall. Kiley, D. (2004). Driven Inside BMW, the most admired car company in the world. Malhotra, K. N., Birks, F. D., Wills, P. (2012). Marketing Research (4th ed.) An Applied Approach. The Motor Cycle Industry Association (2011). Motorcycle Registration Statistics. Press statistic. Retrieved from http//www.mcia.co.uk/Press-and-Statistics/NewReg_Statistics.aspx Weiler, M. (2004). BMW Exploring Customer Attitudes.

Interview Ceo

INTERVIEW 1/- During operating process of NIPPOVINA high society for years, have you ever faced with the business ethical dilemma? Yes, a lot. Because entry business means qualification profit as much as possible while comfort manage to responsible for those strict environmental and compassionate standards. Therefore, many conflicts occur day by day, making me so frustrated. 2/-In your opinion, how to resolve these issues in a best way? I think in that respect arent any best ways to resolve the problem, there is only a better way. We have to scarify unnecessary things to get what you want.So many measure when I have to consider carefully a number of factors such as company reputation, customer trust, product quality, new cost and make the terminal decision. 3/- For example, Nippovina company signed with the investor works B, produce the items made exclusively for B, request at the highest quality. But there is a small error in the production process cause tiny scratches on th e surface but private religious mind is made which leads to the shipment is not satisfactory. He cured but religion measuring?It depends on many factors, such as the value of the order is big or small, client B is long-time essential or new partners, how much the reputation of the company will affect, I may chose to revoke or deliver the cargo. 4 /- Assuming that all of these factors are truly large, what would you do? Maybe I will not withdraw. Small scratches will not affect much to the quality of work, on the other hand, our company still operating and maintenance materials. 5 / The motto of the company is always ready to provide the best materials, professional service technology.So in this case, do you think was the company not able to follow that motto? We are committed to using imported equipment, the best material for all projects, and try to comply with the most crocked way. However the negligence and carelessness are inevitable, I cannot dismiss a skilled worker with only a scratch. I also fully do compensate the loss of time and money if I do not complete the order within the time limit. So, as mentioned above, after careful consideration, I sometimes have to trade off. FindingsWorrying about the CEO may argue in favor of his own behavior, the interview asked some question in the making assumption way so as to make the CEO answer sincerely. During the research process, the interviewer has investigated and found out the truth about an unqualified consignment. This was told by a manager who blows the whistle. The interview indicates that the CEO concern about the ethical dilemma that he was facing. Although each question is straight forward the problem, the CEO still obtain comfortable to answer honestly. Many problems such as stakeholder profit, trust, loyalty are mentioned and discussed below.

Digital Fortress Chapter 49

Becker dragged himself off the floor of the bus and collapsed in an empty seat. squeamish move, dipshit. The kid with the three spikes sneered. Becker squinted in the stark lighting. It was the kid hed chased onto the bus. He glumly surveyed the sea of red, white, and blue coiffures.Whats with the hair? Becker moaned, motioning to the others. Its allRed, white, and blue? the kid offered.Becker nodded, onerous not to stare at the infected perforation in the kids upper lip.Judas Taboo, the kid said matter-of-factly.Becker looked bewildered.The punk spit in the aisle, obviously disgusted with Beckers ignorance. Judas Taboo? great punk since Sid Vicious? Blew his head off here a year ago today. Its his anniversary.Becker nodded vaguely, obviously missing the connection.Taboo did his hair this way the day he signed off. The kid spit again. Every fan worth his weight in piss has got red, white, and blue hair today.For a long moment, Becker said nothing. Slowly, as if he had been shot wit h a tranquilizer, he turned and faced front. Becker surveyed the group on the bus. Every last one was a punk. Most were staring at him.Every fan has red, white, and blue hair today.Becker reached up and pulled the driver-alert cord on the wall. It was time to get off. He pulled again. Nothing happened. He pulled a third time, more frantically. Nothing.They disconnect em on bus 27. The kid spat again. So we dont fuck with em.Becker turned. You mean, I cant get off?The kid laughed. Not till the end of the line. quintuplet minutes later, the bus was barreling along an unlit Spanish country road. Becker turned to the kid behind him. Is this thing ever going to stop?The kid nodded. some more miles.Where are we going?He broke into a sudden wide grin. You mean you dont know?Becker shrugged.The kid started laughing hysterically. Oh, shit. Youre gonna love it.

Marketing during Economic Depression

Marketing Under the Situation of Economic Depression The financial crisis originated in Wall Street of linked States has spread all over the world rapidly. Because of the firmer and closer economic connections between countries, almost perpetuallyy country is beginning to experience somewhat economic depression. Considering the surface of marketing under the situation of economic depression is becoming necessary for many companies in any atomic number 18a of the world. Marketing is defined as a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others.A company wanting to pretend a prospering marketing strategy should first understand the marketing surroundings around it. A companys marketing environment consists of the actors and forces outside marketing that equal marketing managements powerfulness to develop and maintain successful transactions with its target customers. An d the economic depression situation should be considered as part of the marketing environment study atomic number 18a. The ever changing microenvironment and macroenvironment offer both opportunities and threats to companies.If a company wants to be successful in any condition, it should know the vital importance of watching and aligning to the changing environment, so it can avoid the unfavorable conditions and grasp any opportunities. Economic environment is one of macro factors that influence a companys marketing concerns. Theoretically, it consists of factors that affect consumer purchasing power and spending patterns. Under the situation of economic depression, both consumer purchasing power and spending patterns have, to some extent, changed. Therefore, a company must have a clear picture of what those changes are.As for the consumer clouding power, cast down economic situation is always related with reduced consumer get power. For example, during the 1997s Asian economic crisis, country after country saw their currency depreciate as the crisis unfolded. The consumers of those Asian tiger economies became much financially cautious and they spend much slight at that time. Considering the spending patterns, as Engle suggested, when family income rises, the percentage spent on food declines, the percentage spent on housing remains constant and both the percentage spent on other categories and that devoted to savings increase.The reduced income in the economic depression has a large impact on what a certain someone buys, for instance, he may spend less on entertainment or clothes, and the percentage of income spending on food may increase. Therefore, we can see that the depressed economy is going to influence consumer buying behavior. For all the four cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors, they affect the consumer purchase strongly. Under depression, there are a few phenomena that are notable for companies. First, consumers elect more relatively cheap goods and fewer luxuries.There is a statistic number for the 1997 Asian economic crisis, in Thailand, 58% people didnt buy any designed clothes any more and 45% people didnt drink whisky. While recent economic crisis in Vietnam do the sales of automobile plummet. According to a report of VAMA, 16 members of this automobile manufacturing association only sold 11500 cars in May 2008, 2000 fewer those sales of April. Also, consumers may turn to the brands whose brand image are associated with mass market and people buy less imported goods.Second, towards companies promotion and advertisement, consumers may react differently than before. Since the economic depression brings a lot of psychological pressure to people, they are not as interested as in the sales ads any more. They may buy goods that are in promotion, but most of them will buy less or buy smaller size packages. Third, as for the shopping place, people prefer the discounted stores that the expensive dep artment store. During the 1973 oil crisis in America, the frequency of 79. % consumers shopping in the discounted stores or buying directly from wholesales increased a lot. Apart from the changes above, there is another(prenominal) point that is, the consumption of necessities varies a little, since they have relatively inelastic demands. So what should a company do in face of the changing marketing environment? There are several responses as for the environment change. Companies react differently because some view the change is uncontrollable thus passively adapt, while others may try to influence the change and take a proactive approach.The depressed economy is generally viewed as an uncontrollable element, so companies should try to find methods to adapt in the existing situation. To begin with, companies must focus on their core competitive advantage and reduce the extended brands marketing that are not so competitive. In the depressed economy, it is not only the consumers that are influenced companies also have fewer resources to use. Companies should withdraw from those less competitive markets and use its own limited resources (human resources, groovy and marketing channels, etc. used to consolidate and strengthen the markets of products of core competitiveness. Then is the promotion and advertising strategy for the company. As noted before, consumers are not that considerably to be influenced by those things. So companies should target the audience of ads accurately, and avoid the way to waste money on the advertising to those who rarely buy the goods. It is suggested that companies use less mass adverting methods, such as ads on newspaper and leaflets. Instead, companies should try to ensure that people who read the ads have a high probability to buy the goods.For example, a Targeting Mobilephone Magazine sends the sales information messages to 200,000 high-end subscribers. That method is of low cost, but it is far more effective than traditional wa ys. Furthermore is the price issue. People are more sensitive to the price and they want cheaper goods than before since their purchasing power is often reduced during the depression. People decrease their consumption on luxuries and other high case high price goods. The more for less, the same for less and less for much less value proposition strategy are more likely to make headway in this situation.In addition, since customers are likely to turn to the local discounted stores, companies may change their distribution channels a bit. They can put more goods in the discounted stores and warehouse-style supermarkets. If the economic recession is however in the range of home country, companies can also increase the export. However, not all companies have to take a orthodox approach in the economic downturn. For some of them, especially the big and strong companies, it is a good chance for them to expand their market share.Since depressed economy just makes some small competitors b ankrupt, the strong companies can get the consumers of those companies, thus having a larger market share. If a company can establish an image that is trustworthy and indestructible at the time when customers have some psychological pressure, it is more likely to win the favor of customers even after the depression is over. There is a saying, the more serious the depression, the more opportunities in the market. And the CEO of Alibaba. om, Ma Yun, also said the economic crisis will create new business civilization. There are many reasons to believe that the depressed economy brings us both opportunities and challenges. In conclusion, if a company can understand the environment around it well, study the consumer buying behavior carefully, and develop a appropriate marketing strategy for itself, it can certainly have chance to avoid the unfavorable factors and maintain its competitiveness, thus pleasing under the situation of economic depression and any other conditions of the econ omy.

Cosmetology and College Search

When wanting to be a grievous Cosmetologist that somebody has to have good work ethics as in being self-motivated with their work. Cosmetology c arers are jobs that help someones appearance look better over time as the copper is done by a licensed worker (An Introduction to Cosmetology). For someone to be a good cosmetologist he or she has to have a creative mind and has to be a friendly person (An Introduction to Cosmetology).When that worker is working with someones pilus, the main thing to remember is to ask the guest how the hair is way out to be cut and the instructions of that person always needs to be ensueed in order to keep the customer. Cosmetology workers can earn lots of money if taken the right path to pull through their possibilities in the future.The general tasks a hairstylist may do daily and many more could entangle keeping work stations kept clean at all times and cleaning hair accessories after each use, being sure to ask the customer what hair style they would like and follow their instructions on how they want it, look at the hair and give the customer a copulate of ideas on how the hair style could look, picking up the phone and taking customers calls and scheduling appointments, going through all files and making sure they are updated with all the customers correct information, being on cash register duty to take the customers money from them, selling hair care products is a study component of this career and cosmetologists like to show customers before they leave the salon and demonstrate the items that would work silk hat with their hair for them to sell. (College Search and Planning Guide).A cosmetologist can make an just of $11. 21 an hour and make an average of $43,250 a year (College Search and Planning Guide). In order for a worker to make this a great deal they usually have 40 hour workweeks. In the United States, there are about 349,210 hairdresser/cosmetology jobs offered to people in interest of being a cosmetolo gist(College Search and Planning Guide). The work environment for hairdressers is 99% always clean to satisfy a customer in their own personal salon or someone else that owns that salon (College Search and Planning Guide).

Fiction essay thesis and outline Essay

The Lottery, written by Shirley capital of Mississippi and The Rocking Horse succeeder, written by D.H. Lawrence two use the stories grounds in contradicting ways in revisal to present the seriousness of the stories. Jackson apply the screen background as a way to sidetrack the readers tour Lawrence used the place toconstruct the entirelyegory. Setting is an important piece in any story and is extremely true in the both short stories that are approximately to be shared.In The Lottery, the fit is used by Jackson in an effort to distract that reader. By distracting the reader by using beautiful memory visuals, the author is fitting to formulate an ironic ending to the story. The setting is illustrated to be warm, bright, adroit and peaceful. Some readers may suggest that the scene is pleasant and in a veritable way, suspenseful. The author described the day to be clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day. (Jackson p.250) Jackson used the specific descr iption in hopes to create a harmonious, calm and amiable scene for the readers.This appeasement mental picture of the atmosphere made the readers believe that the story will have a happy ending. The characters also played a role in throwing dispatch the horrific ending. Throughout the story, the character all remained calm and happy. As the readers continue to read the story, they soon realize the truth about what is truly about to happen. This deceives the idea of a perfect ending. The portrayal of the buildings, t avouch and the lottery box all added to the setting that throws readers off track of the gruesome reality of what is going to happen.In The Rocking Horse Winner, written by Lawrence, the setting is the center of the short story. Lawrence also used real life places throughout the world and London to function create the setting in short story. The author also used real life events and hobbies to dish up the reader really feel involved in the story and not feel the need to furnish very hard to mentally visualize the setting. Lawrence outlines the characters struggles to constantly be competing with the neighbors. The in-depth description that Lawrence uses of the house and gardens paint a picture of the conflicts of income and actual lifestyle. The mood and environment fit well with this story setting. There is not a lot needed from the author to paint the scenery. Since a lot of readers have personal experiences with horses, the readers are able to read and understand without much thought. As soon as a reader can get in touch to an event, the little details are not needed to pull the reader into the story.There is iodin similarity and a few differences in these two short stories. The one and only similarity of these two short stories is that in both of these short stories, the settings are reasonable, realistic and convincing. The settings in both stories are any real locations or places that have a huge possibility of existing. In difference , Jackson used the setting to distract the audience from the gruesome, shocking and horrific ritual of stoning that was about to take place. The readers were all swayed from this reality until the end of the story. Contradicting, Lawrence incorporated the setting into the story and used vivid descriptions to allow the readers to add their own memories. Lawrence created the setting in an effort to draw the readers in as the story unfolded.In conclusion, although both stories had a similarity, they both used the setting in different ways. Shirley used the setting to distract the readers while Lawrence used the setting as the main focal point in the story. Both stories surely provided the readers with firsthand examples on how important the setting can be in a story and how it can have a huge impact on the readers perception. The Lottery, written by Shirley Jackson and The Rocking Horse Winner, written by D.H. Lawrence both use the stories settings in contradicting ways in order to pre sent the seriousness of the stories. Jackson used the setting as a way to sidetrack the readers while Lawrence used the setting to construct the story.Works Cited Kennedy, X. J, and Gioia, Dana,eds.. literary productions An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing, Compact Interactive Edition. 7th ed. New Jersey Upper Saddle River, 2013 Jackson, Shirley. The Lottery. 250-256.Lawrence, D.H. The Rocking-Horse Winner. 234-244

Us Military Endeavor in Bosnia 1993-1995

US war machine Endeavor in Bosnia 1993-1995 08. 12. 2009 excogitation With Josip Brozs (Tito) death in 1980 the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia has lost its policy-making leader. Tito back up a wide ethnic representation in his soil and a division of power. Without his strong leaders Yugoslavia would watch broken up years before the Balkan cont remove in 1992. Yugoslavia was politically weak without Tito and the country was hard hit by an economic crisis in the early 1980ies.Calls for comprehensive reforms were growing, especially from the constituent republics Slovenia and Croatia and the rudimentary government became incapable of acting. more and more power was given up to the constituent republics. At the low of 1990 the Yugoslavian unity party SKJ (Savez Komunista Jugoslavije) has fallen and majority party elections were open up in Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Political Parties were established that functioned mainly in the interest o f their ethnical background.Hence the rivalry between the parties for more power developed into an ethno-political rivalry. On June 25 in 1991 Croatia and Slovenia declared their independence. Directly after, armed conflicts started between groups which def stop their territorial and the Yugoslav Peoples Army (JNA), the cobblers last institution of the SFR Yugoslavia. More and more constituent republics were involved and soon a struggle started that we will guess as the Yugoslav war that later reached Bosnia, where most of the fighting took place.It was a bloody civil war between neighbors in South Eastern Europe in the late 20 century that was terminate too late. M whatever victims would be alive if the international audience would have been more concerned astir(predicate) its importance of involvement. The unify States, as one of the countries, acted too late at the expense of human life. The Bosnian war was a failed humanitarian intervention of the UN, a weak NATO presence a nd a US policy that planned to pursue a U. S. ommitment to Bosnia-Herzegovina that is short-sighted in vision and transparent in end state The emblematic presence of the UNO and the early stage of the war In 1991 The United States just ended the Gulf war and hence the majority of the American population didnt see the point in involving themselves into another war. It was an on-going dispute of whose responsibility was to intervene in the Bosnian War. George Bushs policy indicated to use diplomatical initiatives rather than the usage of American host force.After being involved in World War I and II the United States saw their mission in Europe completed. There was no more a Soviet threat and the European Community (EC) should be ready to deal with its line of works by themselves which was also takeed by the Maastricht treaty in 1992. The countries in the EC should be stable enough to en reliable country and peace in Europe. However, the actions that have been initialized by the EC failed. The countries couldnt find a consensus of working together and using a strategy that would end the war.The Yugoslavian conflict parties arranged, with the initiative of the EC, a plan on June 29th in 1991. The plan provided 3 points which was 1) ceasefire between Slovenia and Croatia and the withdrawal of their armies 2) Slovenia and Croatia should pause with their declaration of independence for 3 month 3) Serbia should give up his resistance towards the new elected Croatian President Mesic Beside the third point all the other attempts to end this war failed. Another failure of the EC was to rush into recognizing Slovenias and Croatias independence.Bosnia was even rushed to motion its independence between the times of declination 16th until December 23rd 1991. A week that was given to consider establishing a country which history is very several(prenominal)(a) and complicated. In the late summer of 1991 the Moslem politician Izetbegovic asked the UNO to send obse rvers and a peacekeeping force because he knew what a war would cause in Bosnia. The attempt failed due to the UN principles to intervene when all intern actions failed to anticipate a civil war. After the war broke out the UN decided to send 100 and a few month later in June 1992 1. 000 peacekeepers to Bosnia. The modest aim was to ensure a complete get the best of the Moslem population with a minimum of UN forces. NATO In early May 1992 the UN sanctioned Yugoslavia or the separate that still remained Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) and a few days later the UN Security Council placed an economic embargo on Yugoslavia. NATO warships were sent to the Adriatic Sea to enforce the internationally established embargo. In October 1992 the UN Security Council decided to forbid any military flights of the warring parties.However, at that place have been various violations against the flying ban. Therefore NATO decided to start their order combat mission in the air in April 1994. It didnt stop the Serbs to take UN peacekeepers and other attentive as hostage. Thus the NATOs first air attacks did not have a great effect for stopping the war. The establishment of UN protected orders and the case of Srebrenica The UN protected zones were established mainly for the Muslim population that was touch by either Croatian or Serb territory.Building protected zones was another attempt to secure civilians even though they were fairly against the UN principles of impartiality and agreement of all warring parties. The history has shown us that the UN peacekeepers were tricked by the Serbs and the protected zone was used to facilitate covert genocide that we know today by the name of The Srebrenica Massacre in July 1995. End of the war After violating the protected zones in Srebrenica and Zepa, NATO decided for massive air attacks on military and logistical targets of the Serbs. Until this moment there have been ten NATO air attacks during the war.It was obvious that this was not enough to end the war. Through another UN Resolution, that was formally not necessary, the UN and NATO decided to intensify their air attacks by almost 2000 attacks in a couple of days. The war ended but it was a very long way for the US to decide the various kinds of intervention. Opinions went from not getting involved at all because the EC should deal with it by themselves to deploying US troops, first for humanitarian or peacekeeping efforts then for United Nations (UN) or NATO military actions, including rescuing UN peacekeepers.According to several polls at the beginning of the war, the Americans would support any of the humanitarian interventions and multilateral agreements. Bosnia reveals that the post-Vietnam syndrome was still apparent in the preference of most Americans to stay out of foreign entanglements since the Reagan-era involvements in Central America. Nevertheless, most Americans were sure that Bosnia wont be the next Vietnam. Polls also show that interven tions should be used if there is a case of genocide.However, it was a long way for the US government to fulfill the peoples will. It was talked too such(prenominal) around and the media used terms such as civil war or ethnic war to undermine the enquire of stronger interventions at the beginning of the war. A Presidential term was coming up and the need of actions was put aside regardless of moral principles. In a democratic country that is based on a will of people with representatives elected by the people, a public opinion is a polar right.If a poll shows that most of the Americans agree with military humanitarian intervention before 1995 why did a hegemonic power, as the US back then, didnt interfere earlier with more pressure on the outside(a) community to act stronger and precisely. A diplomatic intervention in 1992 had a great impact on the course of the war until 1995. The United States has supported the UN resolution of baffleing genocide, as it was before declared to be a crime under international law. Sadly neither Bush senior nor Clinton have made efforts to prevent genocide in Bosnia.Samantha Power wrote it is in the realm of domestic politics that the battle to stop genocide is lost. American political leaders interpret society-wide silence as an indicator of public indifference. Not until Srebrenica did the domestic and international politics pushed Clinton into action of interfering with massive military forces which at the end brought the war into an end. Clinton rode into the discolour House rallying against Bushs non-interventionist policy and favoring commitments to stop genocide.Facing a re-election year, a time when an garbage disposals promises are measured against their actual accomplishments, Clinton was particularly sensitive to challenges to his earlier pledges. Doles intention augmented an explosion of a united media campaign, increasing international pressure for intervention, and the embarrassing fall of a U. S. -backed safe zone, aggravating Clintons original commitments to put an end to the Bosnian genocide and made the political costs of non-intervention too high for the Clinton Administration to withstand.Because of this conglomeration of pressures, Clinton could follow his own moral convictions and stop the genocide. In conclusion The US intervention in Bosnia has three significant phases. The first phase included a diplomatic interference at the beginning of the war. It was an European problem. Thus Europeans should deal with it. The second phase was a very modest humanitarian-military intervention (UN and NATO) by the US, in an area where such experiments are fatal in the course of the war. The UN peacekeeping master plan failed completely for one good reason.No one can bring round a huge wound with a simple band aid. After 3 years of a bloody fight and a never ending war what could the hegemonic power US do? both withdraw its troops and run away and be an audience of a war that might hav e murdered a whole ethnic group or reinforce and fight. The third phase, which finally ended the war, it was crucial that the US as well as the EC, NATO and the UN realize the importance of a strong military interference which is based on a common consensus. The European Community failed completely to solve its Balkan problem due to self-interests, premature decisions and a lack of a consensus.However not being involved in the war, as some US elites suggested at the beginning of the war because it is an European issue, would have been against the principles of human rights and would have created a humanitarian disaster similar to the one in WWII. Bibliography Karadjis, Mike Karadjis. Bosnia, Kosova the West. Resistance Books, 2000. Kull, Steven . Americans on the Crisis in Sudan. The American Public on International Issues N. p. , n. d. Web. 28 July 2009. http//www. pipa. org/OnlineReports/Africa/Sudan_Jul04/Sudan_Jul04_rpt. df. Mellenthin , Knut . Der jugoslawische Burgerkrieg, d ie UNO und die NATO. Jugoslawien N. p. , 14 Dec. 1995. Web. 27 Nov. 2009. http//www. knutmellenthin. de/artikel/archiv/jugoslawien/der-jugoslawische-buergerkrieg-die-uno-und-die-nato-14121995. html. Petrilli , Danielle Petrilli . More Than Witnesses at a Funeral? The U. S. and Humanitarian Intervention . Duke Journal of Politics Duke University, 2006. Web. 28 Nov. 2009. http//www. poli. duke. edu/undergrad/D. %20Petrilli%20writing%20sample. doc. . Power, Samantha. A chore From Hell America and the Age of Genocide. New York HarperCollins, 2003. Print. Rachal, Louis N. U. S. Strategy in Bosnia Are We unfeignedly Committed?. Military U. S. Strategy in Bosnia Are We Really Committed? N. p. , 1997. Web. 28 Nov. 2009. http//www. globalsecurity. org/military/library/report/1997/Rachal. htm. Sobel, Richard . Trends United States Intervention in Bosnia. Public Opinion Quarterly Oxford Journals, 1998. Web. 27 Nov. 2009. http//poq. oxfordjournals. org/cgi/reprint/62/2/250. pdf. - 1 . R achal, Louis N. U. S. Strategy in Bosnia Are We Really Committed?. Military U. S. Strategy in Bosnia Are We Really Committed? N. p. , 1997. Web. 28 Nov. 2009. . 2 . Sobel, Richard . Trends United States Intervention in Bosnia. Public Opinion Quarterly Oxford Journals, 1998. Web. 27 Nov. 2009. . 3 . 80% of the respondents of the PIPA survey said that if the UN determines that genocide is occurring, the UN, including the US, should act to stop the genocide by military force if necessary http//www. ipa. org/OnlineReports/Africa/Sudan_Jul04/Sudan_Jul04_rpt. pdf 4 . Crimes within the Courts Jurisdiction. Development and Human Rights Section United Nations, n. d. Web. 28 Nov. 2009. . 5 . Power, Samantha. A Problem From Hell America and the Age of Genocide. New York HarperCollins, 2003. Print. 6 . Petrilli , Danielle Petrilli . More Than Witnesses at a Funeral? The U. S. and Humanitarian Intervention . Duke Journal of Politics Duke University, 2006. Web. 28 Nov. 2009. .

Learning and Memory

Learning and w arhousing Jessica A. Rountree, Brenda Bejar, Lisa Jackson, Derek Delarge PSY340 November 14, 2011 Dr. April Colett Learning and Memory On the surface instruction and store atomic number 18 connected easily. When an individual leases to locomote, they have the information in the retention. The larn wait on is something that happens every day. As human beings we are programmed to learn smell lessons, and preserve them in our fund. The computer storage keeps pictures, smells, experiences, and tastes for us to learn how to live our lives. Learning is the experiences we have, and keeping stores this information (Pinel, 2009).It is as simple as that. However, researchers have found how the promontory conks while retaining memory. A closer look into encyclopedism and memory integrity finds it is non quite that simple. The reason, although protected by the skull, is a lean organ. A blood clot, a blow to the head, or drug use can damage the mentality enou gh that nurture is stunted, and memory does not exist. For an individual who cannot remember 20 years of their life callable to a car accident is going to experience psychological damage as well. It is not unsloped the absence of memory itself, but the fear as well.Learning and memory are something that the majority of individuals steer for granted. There are those that can learn, yet not retain memory. Amnesia patients often can retain motor skills, a learned skill, however, cannot recall memories. Memory and learning deficits affect an individual to lifes core. Depending on what part of deficit is occurring learning and memory may not be related. Retaining the cleverness to walk means learning is still in place, however not knowing what you had for breakfast is memory. Knowing how to carry off is a learned response to feeling hungry.The headspring works the noesis presented to it. Whether that knowledge is carried properly mentation the process of the brain is a dispara te story. An individual can experience death so numerous sequences they learn it is a part of life. However, it is the memory that betrays us. Learned information leads to memories. Long-term potentiation (LTP) shows facilitation of synaptic transmissions spare-time activity an galvanical stimulation at a high frequency. This study was done mostly on betray hippocampus. The hippocampus is where the process of learning and memory take place.During research on rats it was found that the co-occurrence of sack presynaptic and postsynaptic cells must recruit at the same time to induce LTP (Pinel, 2009). Hebbs postulate for learning is the given this co-occurrence is physiologically necessary for learning and memory. He states the axon of cell A nears cell B and excites it. This closeness talks part in firing. Growth processes or metabolic changes take place in both cells (Pinel, 2009). Even to the smallest molecule learning and memory are intertwined with one another. Misfires of these cells can cause brusk learning and retention.Researchers would not know the extent of the ludicrous relationship betwixt learning and memory if not for the rat experiments. What makes learning possible is also what makes memory possible. The neurons take information to the hippocampus where it is divided, processed and stored. In Pavlovs conditioning experiment, he learned that a conditioned response can be created from memory (Pinel, 2009). Given the limits on information processing capacity, the specific details encoded and retrieved in memory come at the expense of other details.Comparing the types of details and processes that individuals from one culture prioritize everywhere others scissures insight into the type of information given priority in cognition, perhaps reflecting broader cultural values. The properties of memories and the types of memory errors people commit offer a window into the organization of memory. In terms of types of memory errors, if people fa lsely remember conceptually related, but not phonologically related relics, it suggests that the meaning of the information is critical to the organization of memory, whereas phonological information is not (Chan et al. 2005). Information can be encoded not single in terms of its precise properties (e. g. , remembering the unique perceptual features of an item) but also in terms of its gist, or general thematic properties (e. g. , a division or verbal label). oneness exemplar of highly specific memory representation comes from the literature on priming. Priming occurs when prior experience with an item facilitates a response. Its effects are implicit they do not rely on conscious recollection the item encountered previously.Although people respond to different examples of the same item (e. g. , a different picture of a cat) more quickly than to unrelated items, suggesting facilitation from prior exposure to a related item, the benefit is smaller than it is for a repeated presen tation of the trustworthy item (Koutstaal et al. , 2001). The functions of the brain are well know for the control of the functional memory and learning and how the two have contract interdependent. When individuals lead astray to pose the memory is when the learning occurs. Stimulating learning incites memory.With the knowledge at the center of the attention, it is imperative to stimulate the brain through life pine learning so that one can start to achieve senior status and quality of life (Khorashadi, 2010). The brain is the organ is responsible for what we refer to as the mind. The basics of the mind are feeling, thinking, wanting, learning, behavior and memory. Memory is the fundamental mental process of the brain. Ifashumans if wenot have memory then we arecapable of simple reflexes and stereotyped behaviors. There are two different types of memory the declarative memory and the non-declarative memory.The examples of a declarative memory are semantic memory, which is the general memory, and the episodic memory, which is the minute memory. Then the non-declarative memory is the skilled learning, priming and conditioning. Memory and learning are the most studied subjects within the field of neuroscience. Memory is a behavioral change caused by experiences, and learning is a process that is acquired by memory. Memory makes it possible to obtain pervious learning skills. There are different types ofmemory on with learning. Memory has temporal stages short, intermediate, and long.The successive processes capture, store and retrieve information within the brain. There are different parts of the brain that process different aspects of the memory. It is known that a patient that suffers from amnesia testament become memory impaired. With the two types of amnesia retrograde and anterograde the loss or inability to form memories go forth occur. With learning there are also different types the non- associable learning associative learning. These different types of non-associative are known as the habituation, which is a decreased response to repeated presentation of a arousal.The distribution that is the restoration of a response amplitude after habituation. Then there is the sensitization that increases responses to most stimuli. There is also the associative learning that involves the relations between events. Classical conditioning is the neutral stimulus paired with another stimulus that elicits a response. The instrumental or operant conditioning is association is made between the behavior and the consequences of ones behavior (Okano, 2000). Learning and memory are interchangeable processes that rely on each other. When memory-related neurons fire in sync with certain brain waves memories last.Theta oscillations are known to be involved in memory formation, and previous studies have identified correlations between memory strength and the activity of certain neurons, but the relationships between these events have not been unde rstood. Research shows that when memory-related neurons are well coordinated to theta waves during the learning process, memories are stronger. When memory-related neurons in the brain fire in sync with certain brain waves, the resulting image recognition and memories are stronger, than if this synchronization does not occur (CSMC, 2010).In society, he or she widely accepted the necessity to be a lifelong learner if one is to thrive in todays rapidly changing, economic system, and technologically global society. straightaways economy ushers in adjustments and transitional challenges at several levels, and lifelong learning viewed as the fomite that leave empower individuals to meet and adapt to the challenges of todays technological society according to (Jarvis, 1992). in like manner often today the knowledge and skills obtained from previous life experiences has become insufficient to respond to technological and economy question of today.The lack of accord that lies between an individuals external world, and internal biographies that has been gathering over ones lifetime, is a point of disjuncture. This is the point in ones life that ushers in and ideal time, and condition for higher learning (Jarvis, 1992). A decision an individual must make at this point with a response to this disjuncture. An individual must decide to further their education to keep up with technology, or proceed with life as normal. With the ever-changing world of technology today it is only a matter of time before the point of disjuncture becomes inevitable.The traditional theory of the human brain was that it was a fixed and limited system, and it would develop its potential at the younger years of life. The theories insist that neurons were finite and could not regenerate. The contrast with the animal research has proven that new brain cells can be born in the hippocampus region responsible for new learning and memory. With this revelation the individual pursuit of activities that will treasure brain health by developing neuron connections that underlie learning and experiences. Learning is imperative to human, and brain health. It is also imperative to quality of life.Today intuitions have financial incentives for people to continue lifelong learning has become a part of several health care programs. It is imperative that older Americans understand that learning is a reasoned activity, not only for the brain, but for physical, emotional, and Spiritual, conditions as people age. . The learning and memory process is more delicate than individuals believe. However, the brain is an organ that can be exercised. It is important to remember to try to learn new things, and keep the brain moving. The brain and the mind are connected physically, and metaphysically.In order for the mind to be at ease, the brain has to function normally. Without normal brain function, an individual can experience printing. This depression can cause a slowing of the firing process ca using false memories. The biological function of learning and memory are connected with one another in a delicate balance wheel of connectivity. An electric charge between one neuron and another incites learning, and readies the memory. Perspective can change our learning process. An individual tends to learn something that interests them, rather than something that does not.The interest in the activity sends a stronger signal to the brain. This strong electric current incites the learning process, which makes memorizing the task much easier. This is why it is a strong belief that learning and memory are created by cells becoming close enough to respond to each other. An interest jump-starts this process. A healthy mind achieved through learning can reduce the affects of Alzheimers patients. More proof that as long as the brain is stimulated learning and memory can still take place. Reference Cedars-Sinai medical exam Center (2010, March 24).When memory-related neurons fire in syn c with certain brain waves, memories last. Retrieved November 14, 2011 from http//www. brandeis. edu/gutchess/publications/Gutchess_Indeck. pdf Chan, J. C. , McDermott, K. B. , Watson, J. M. , & Gallo, D. A. (2005). The importance of material-processing interactions in bring forth false memories. Memory & Cognition, 33, 389395. Jarvis, P (1912) Paradox of learning on becoming and individual in society. San Francisco Jossey-Bass Publisher. Khorashadi, M. (2010). first derivative effects of estrogen on memory processes and learning strategies A selective review of animal studies.Mcgill light Undergraduate Research Journal, 5(1), 24-29 Koutstaal, W. , Wagner, A. D. , Rotte, M. , Maril, A. , Buckner, Okano, H. (2000). Pnas. Retrieved from http//www. pnas. org/content/97/23/12403. encompassing http//www. pnas. org/content/97/23/12403. full Pinel, J. (2009). Biopsychology (7th edition). Boston, MA Allyn and Bacon. R. L. , & Schacter, D. L. (2001). Perceptual specificity invisual objec t priming Functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence for a laterality difference in fusiform cortex. Neuropsychologia, 39, 184199.Learning and memoryThe goals of the course are to provide students with foundational knowledge in behave viral neuroscience which includes contemporary hypothetic issues and research methods, to encourage studs nuts to think now, and into the future, about(predicate) the role of the offensive system in all psychological processes, to beg in to develop the ability to read and interpret original research articles in behavioral neuroscience and to practice CE writing skills. Lectures timed attendance at verbalizes is required. Textbook reading assignments are meant o provide additional breadth and telescope for the material discussed in lecture.It is assumed that the assigned readings will be completed before class. Exams Your comprehension of the lecture and reading materials will be assessed by 3 exam s and a concluding exam exam. Exams will be in multiple choice format. Together they will comprise 75% of the final grade. The final exam will be given on FRIDAY 12/11/2009 from 800 1100 AM. This is the only time the final exam will be given. Exemptions from taking the exam at the scheduled time will only be gar need under college and university exceptions (e. G. , no more than three exams in one day), or to students who have serious illness or family emergencies.Therefore, please plan accordingly. Article Summaries One goal of the course is to build foundational knowledge in behavioral neuroscience , including contemporary theoretical issues and research methods. objet dart we will discuss the results of many r search studies, we will also read and discuss original research articles in order to give you a fuller appreciation f or the theoretical issues and search methods. You will be required to read each article and to write a legal brief (no more than one page) narrative summarizing the article.The articles will be avail able via Blackboard and w ill be announced in class and on Blackboard. Grades on summary reports comprise 10% of your final grade. Neuroscience in the Media Paper Another goal of the course is to encourage students to think now, and into the future, about the role of nervous system in all psychological processes. To encourage such broader thinking, each SST dent will be required to iscuss an example of physiology in the media (movies, television, music, magazine nest, newsprint, etc).This term paper will discuss and critique an example of physiology in the media with r preference to original scholarly research articles on the topic. The Media Watch paper will comprise 15% of the final grade and is due on December 4th 2009. To facilitate the Neuroscience in the Media paper project, a b rife description of the media example that will be the basis for your paper is due on October 7th and a bill graphs of original research articles for the topic is due on November 6th.