Select a recent arms control agreement, outline its main features and Essay

Select a recent arms control agreement, outline its main features and evaluate its effectiveness. In light of your findings, is arms control possible in an anarchic world - Essay Example na; and Strategic and Tactical Arms Reduction Treaty (START) between the United States of America and the Russian Federation have been a great help in keeping the world safe from nuclear weapons and nuclear wars since the Second World War These treaties are put into action with the agreement of governments that they will not produce any more weapons and arms and reduce their already existing weapons. When the Soviet Union was divided, Kazakhstan and Belarus decided to give their weapons up and joined international conventions. To see to it that the treaties are being honoured, on site inspections satellite verification or by aero planes are conducted on a regular basis. Verification is done by either bodies like International Atomic Energy Agency or the parties involved in the treaty. Often the destruction of weapons of mass destruction is assisted by international peace organizations (About, 2012). Current issues related to the regulation of arms worldwide are mainly that the weapons of mass destruction as well weapons like guns etc are being illegally proliferated on a large scale and are finding their way to terrorists and countries which are not politically and economically stable. Pakistan, Iran and North Korea’s geostrategic interests are different from the United State of America and Russia’s and that is the reason behind these countries not being a part of any non proliferation treaties and they remain a powerful threat to the United State of America and Russia. In July 2009 presidents Obama and Medvedev renewed the old START treaty with the new START treaty and decided to decrease the amount of weapons to one-third (About, 2012). The new Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) is one of the current arms control treaties between the United States of America and Russian Republic. It is the renewed version of the old START treaty. In Prague, on April 8, 2010 President of the United States of America, Barack Obama, and the president of the Russian

Communication and Children Essay Example for Free

Communication and Children Essay Parents are among the earliest person that are in contact and always stay by the children’s side and thus there are many saying that parents are the first teacher of the children. Since children start from zero from the day they are born, they will start to learn something new by watching the adults and imitating them. Example that can be given is when a baby first learning to talk, they will imitate what the adults are saying. The first word that usually teaches by the parents is either papa or mama and the baby then will imitate the word. This is how the children first learn to talk and same goes when an adult is cursing others, they will also recording the words used. Next, children can be said as a mirror that will reflect back what they observed. This can be seen by the conduct of the adults that watched by the children. They will simply copying the conduct as children do not know to differentiate between right and wrong. Example that can be given is when a child observing his father acted violently towards his mother in their house and he will then do the same to others. Some cases reported saying that a violent man or woman usually had experienced those situation since their young age. People will normally hard to change their habits, especially one that they learned from their childhood. An example that can be given is when the adults around the children are smokers or alcoholics, these bad habits usually will be tried by the children when they have access to that stuff. Nowadays the stuffs can be easily be bought even by a minor from the convenience stores such as 7-eleven and other stores. Same goes to good habits such as reading, appreciating others and also helping those needed. When a child used to follow their parent doing charity work, they will never feel hard to help others. Thus it shows that children learn best by observing the adults. In the other aspects such as foods or fashion, and also in respect of their thinking, adult give many influence in these matters. The behavior of adults can give good and bad implication to the children. This is because children always observes what the adults are doing. When an adult wears sexy dress, they will do the same since they used  to see and did not know it is actually wrong. Same goes to the thinking, adult usually ask the children what to do and not to do but sometimes the adult will do to the contrary. This will make the children think whether to do something or to follow what the adults are doing. As the conclusion, it is strongly agreed that the children learn best by observing the behavior of the adult since th e children was born zero and the adults who are the nearest person in contact with the children are those who responsible to teach everything and shape the children. [ 500 words ] 2) What do schools need to do to prepare students for the 21st century? Discuss your opinions. Year 2000 to 2100 is known as 21st century where the society also describes the period as a modern era especially in technology. In order to make sure that the teaching and learning session in this modern era running smoothly as well as to make sure the student may adapt themselves with the era, there are a few steps that the schools need to do in order to prepare the students. The first thing that the school can do is by introducing the technology to the student. In the 21st century, almost all business in our daily life needs the application of technology. Thus in order to prepare the student with technology application, the teaching and learning process can be done using various gadgets such as computers, iPad, projector, netbooks and others. The use of textbook is no doubt still relevant but by using the modern gadgets, the session of teaching and learning will be more adventure and interesting. Next, the school may prepare the student in the aspect of creative thinking and problem solving. In the 21st century, there will be more competition in life thus person will need critical thinking and problem solving skills to survive and compete with others in all aspects. In order to ensure the students own this skill, the school may start by providing or training the students with problem based question. In this session, the students will need to creatively think for the solution to the situation, thus this exercise will boost or force their mind. In respect of communication, there are two kind of communication, either oral or written  communication. Both types are important of all time, including in 21st century, where the communication will be more fast and easy in this modern era. In the development of various types of gadgets, communication between people seems to be easy since we can contact people from all over the world. The school may train the students in both types of communication so that they will be ready to communicate with almost everyone. The students need m ore practice so that they can communicate confidently and perfect. Practice will make perfect. The other skill that the student will need in 21st century is the ability to work with others. This is because although there will be competition in getting something but there is still the need of cooperation to fulfill some task. Example that can be given is in an organization where teamwork is something necessary to fulfill the organization’s goal. Thus, the school may engage students in collaborative groups to conduct investigations, discuss and share learning, and create products that demonstrate what was learned. This will ensure that the students may cooperate with one another in order to produce what their group’s plan. There are many things that can be done by the school to prepare the students to go through 21st century other than discussed above. Students will easily adapt the 21st century with the help of the school’s programs, plans and exercises. [ 500 words ] 3) Technology is making communication easier in today’s world, but at the expense of personal contact as many people chose to work at home in front of a computer screen. What dangers are there for a society which depends on computer screens rather than face to face contact for its main means of communication? People nowadays prefer to communicate through technology more than face to face and this can be seen almost everywhere. People are busy with their smartphones gadgets although they are sitting together with their family members or friends. Everyone are busy texting, calling, updating their social account such as facebook, twitter, instagram, wechat, and may other modern applications. Although there are many benefits from these  applications but still there are bad effects to the communication. One of the effects is that people will have lack of communication skills where when they always communicate through online medium, they will have no ability or lack of skills to speak face to face with others. They will also will hard to differentiate on how to talk or handle different level of person such as in formal or informal occasion. Communication skill is one of the interpersonal skills of a person and this is one of the most important skills that one’s should have. Next, the person who always depends on online medium of communication will have the problem of lack of confident level. This is because in online medium communication, the person will not need to meet the person to communicate but face to face communication will need the person to meet with others. When someone who has no experience in face to face dealing with others, they will have the problem with their confident level especially someone who has the nervous attack problem. Thus when they need to communicate face to face, usually the deal will hard to be accomplished. The other effect is the technological communication is it may affect the ability to express someone’s ideas clearly. When someone are constantly using short forms and slang while texting or in others online medium communication, it is hard to remember to use proper grammar when they need to write formal emails, letters or papers. Technology may harm the communication skills at work and in school since it may degrading the ability to speak publicly and in writing formally. Sometimes the person will not realize that they are using short forms in their formal works. Technology may also harm our ability to deal with conflict. This can be seen from a situation where we have a fight with our friend, we can just send them a text message or Facebook message to tell what is wrong rather than confront them face to face. Sometime, a personal issue will become a big issue when the problem is posted through the social account with the interventions of others. Many people in society are beginning to take it as an easy way out when it comes to conflict. Although modern technology brings a lot of pleasure in our life but it also may bring harm to us. Instead of having a pleasant conversation with our family, friends or significant others, we are busy to focus on our computer screens. This will not only harm the skills but also will create a distance with our family and friends. [ 500 words ] 4) In your life experience, what is the best advice you have ever received? Advice is given to remind someone what they should do or what they should not do in their life. Usually an advice was given by someone to the person that they care such as by parents to their child, by friend to another friend, and by a teacher to the students. People may receive the advice and translate it according to their understanding. It may be used as guidelines in someone’s life. The best advice that I ever receive is from my parent where they remind me to never give up in whatever I am doing. In my understanding, the advice may be used in many situations. The first situation is during my study, where until now I am still struggle to get the highest education that I am capable to achieve. Although I admit that there are hard times during my study especially in dividing time between work, family, and study but the advice given by my parent are inspiring me to do my best. When I feel stressed during my revision or when I need to faced timeline to send my assignment, the advice keep on playing in my mind to make sure that I will always success in what I am doing. Next, the advice of never give up is also inspiring me in my marriage life, where as a wife and mother who is working and in the same time studying, I feel the pressure but when remembering the advice, I feel strong. I manage to fulfill my responsibility towards my husband and children. I will never give up in fulfilling my responsibility towards my family. I keep reminding myself to stay strong so that I can take care of my family members wherever they need me. In working, as one of the subordinates there will be a lot of pressure given by the employers or high ranking officers. Advice given by my parent is the inspiration for me to be one of the courage and highly motivated staff. I keep on reminding myself not to give up when given many task and always stay calm in facing the situation. In my work, I have to deal with the public, from various levels of life, attitude and race. Thus I have to always give my best to help them although sometime I have been cursed by them but it is my responsibility to give the best service to the public. The advice of never give up given is suitable to use in every single inch of life. It can be regarded as inspiration for us to always do our best in whatever we are doing in life. Giving up is not a mean of facing any difficulties in life since if we give up before giving our best, we will never know what we actually can do, our ability to face any conflict of life. Once we manage to settle any conflict rose in our life, we will feel the satisfaction and we will feel stronger. [ 500 words ] 5) Tourism is becoming increasingly important as a source of revenue for many countries but its disadvantages should not be overlooked. What are some of the disadvantages of tourism? Tourism in a country happens when the outsiders or people who live in other countries come to visit our country. In tourism, the people who come will be call as a tourist and they will usually visit interesting places in a country either because of the custom of the place visited such as village, beauty of that place such as island around Malaysia, or maybe because they like the weather or activities at that place. Although tourism is one of the source of revenue to our economy but it also may bring some disadvantages to us. One of the disadvantages that can be identified is from the aspect of criminal, where there are many criminals happen with the entrance of the tourist. Some of the tourist will come using the social visit pass into the country to do crime such as black money, drug trafficking, prostitution and some others. Many cases reported that all the crime was done by the outsiders who came as a tourist in Malaysia and this will ruin our Malaysian. The other disadvantage is the attire of the tourist that comes to Malaysia. In their country they are free to wear anything that they are comfortable with but in Malaysia there are many attire that they are wearing is not suitable and it can be regarded as not respecting the local’s tradition and customs. Further, there are Malaysian who already influenced by those attires and they start to wear just like the tourist. In Malaysia, there is ethnic’s sensitivity to be respect by the tourist especially Muslims citizen’s sensitivity. Next, in respect of social life, the tourist that come are from different type of religion, for them it will be not an  offence to mix between genders but in Malaysia it is indecent to do it especially in public. In some cases, there are tourists that invite the beach boys to their chalet to accompany them. For the villagers nearby it is wrong and may ruin Malaysian. It is not right for the tourist to do such things in other’s country. Further, since many places have been upgraded to be tourism spot, ma ny things are changes, including prices of goods and services. The local traders are increasing their goods and services price since the place is now full with the tourist and it is the time for them to get more profit in their business. This has led to the local to also suffer the expensive price of goods and services. In addition, the local needs to compete with the tourist to get a place in the public transport and also if they are going to a vacation with their family. The tourist are everywhere and usually in getting a place in the local chalet or hotel in the tourism spot, the tourist will booked months before their vacation but the local will only booked their place in less than a month. The local needs to compete with the tourist although this is their own country.

Religion and the Media Essay -- Papers

Religion and the Media In the world we live in today people have revolutionized the image of religion, so that it is now regarded as a pastime instead of it solely being about God. In today's world media has evolved to be much more powerful than religion, and therefore some say that media is taken more seriously. After observation of the TV channels broadcasting specific religious programmes, I saw that all terrestrial TV channels had at least one hour a week of religious programmes. The government issues the license enabling TV companies to broadcast, and has a significant role in deciding on what has to be shown. In each TV channels broadcasting charter it is stated that they must "provide an average of at least two hours a week of religious programmes." This means that if a TV channel does not show this minimum amount their license could be evoked. It is very obvious why the government is concerned about religion in the UK since only 48 per cent of UK residents claim to belong to a religion, compared to 89 per cent in the United States and 92 per cent in Italy. Also two-thirds of 18-24 year olds in the UK, say that they have no religious affiliation compared to just a quarter in Spain. Nearly all religious programmes are aired at non-prime time slots, with the exception only being Songs of Praise on Sundays from 17.45-18.15. This suggests that the TV companies see broadcasting religious programmes as something they must to do, and not something they wish to do. We see further evidence of this by Reverend Ernest Rea words, who was the head of religion and ethics at the BBC. Revd Ernest Rea explains that "religion is... ...e put more thought on deciding how to end this moral issue, so there is a fair equilibrium on what the Soap represents. I am not suggesting that they should exalt religion and not take into consideration the moral side of things, but what I am saying is that there has to be a fine balance. Christians believe that life is sacred and that no one has the right to take away this gift that God has given us. The sanctity of life is first described in Genesis 1:27 "So God created man in His own image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them". From this biblical quote we can conclude that if God has created us in the image of Himself, then therefore each human exists as an expression of God and his character. Then this would surely mean that human beings cannot destroy this sacred image in anyway.

Existence of God Essay

†¢Translate and/or explain the following terms: aesity, arete, endoxa, ergon, eudaimonia, peccatum, telos, virtus, vitium – Arete: Greek for virtue, or excellence – Virtus and vitium: Latin for virtue and vice – Endoxon (endoxa): Greek, reputable opinion(s) †¢Ergon: Greek, function/characteristic activity – †¢Eudaimonia: Greek, happiness, well being †¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Peccatum: Latin, sin †¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Telos: Greek, end, aim †¢Discuss and/or apply the following concepts: doctrine of the mean, the endoxic method, the function argument, omnipotence The Endoxic Method- reputable opinions for ex. Happiness as uniquely human, as under our control, as requiring activity. The Function Argument-To know whether P is a good instance of its kind, you need to know the function (ergon) of P ? A virtue/excellence (arete) of P is a characteristic P needs in order to fulfill its function. The Doctrine of the mean-1. For any given situation, there is a specific affectation appropriate to it, e. g. , desire, anger, fear, confidence, envy, joy, pity, etc. 2. For any given affectation, one can exhibit it either too much, too little, or in the appropriate amount 3. The virtuous person always exhibits an affectation in the appropriate amount. -for ex. Truthfulness: virtue regarding telling the truth about oneself? Defect: self-depreciating Excess: phony omnipotence- all power and unlimited power †¢Distinguish goods that are, according to Aristotle, valued for the sake of other things, valued for their own sake, and valued for their own sake and for the sake of other things you want some things that gets you other stuff. for example money so its a sake for other things. valued for own sake-having a yacht gives you pleasure but then enjoying it with more friends and travel the world and give you more pleasure. the one good. happiness is the one thing that every one wants and is valued for its own sake. e †¢That which is valued only for its own sake and for whose sake everything else is desired †¢That which is valued for its own sake and for the sake of other things †¢That which is valued only for the sake of other things. †¢Discuss why Aristotle rejects conventional views that identify happiness with pleasure, honor, and virtue, and what he thinks this tells us about the nature of happiness Aristotle rejects three common conceptions of happiness—pleasure, honor, and wealth. Happiness, he says, cannot be identified with any of these things (even though all three may be part of an overall happy life). Pleasure, he says, is found in satisfying desires—but whether or not we can satisfy our desires is as much up to chance as it is up to us. †¢The life of pleasure. Problem: the life fit for a pig †¢The life of honor. Problem: not under our control †¢The life of virtue. Problem: compatible with inaction †¢Distinguish between psychological, somatic, and external goods, explaining how they contribute to Aristotle’s conception of happiness External goods- attractiveness, wealth.. Psychological Goods- mental health.. Somatic goods- â€Å"Nonetheless, happiness evidently needs external goods to be added, as we said, since we cannot, or cannot easily, do fine actions if we lack the resources. For, first of all, in many actions we use friends, wealth, and political power just as we use instruments. Further, deprivation of certain things —for instance, good birth, good children, beauty— mars our blessedness. For we do not altogether have the character of happiness if we look utterly repulsive or are ill-born, solitary, or childless; and we have it even less, presumably, if our children or friends are totally bad, or were good but have died. †¢Discuss the roles of habituation and right reason in Aristotle’s analysis of virtuous action function of human beings is knowledge and it what  separates from animals. virtuous action is what a rational person who acts for the right reason. but you also have to feel the correct emotions and feelings to do virtuous actions and be properly affected which means that you find the right things pleasant. And wants to do the right thing. so if you don’t feel like you want to give money to homeless and still give it it does not count as a virtous thing. the teachers ice cream technique- don’t want to do it but do it for ice cream but over time the kids want to do it because it is the virtuous thing to do. †¢Identify and describe Aristotle’s three requirements for friendship and his three different kinds of friendship Pleasure-friendships- Most common among theyoung, fades easily utility-friendships,- most common among the old and also fades easily. character-friendships- You love a person because of the good qualities she or he possesses. genuine friendship. †¢Explain what Aristotle means when he claims that friends are â€Å"second selves† â€Å"A friend is a second self, so that our consciousness of a friend’s existence†¦ makes us more fully conscious of our own existence. † and Friendly relations with one’s neighbors, and the marks by which friendships are defined, seem to have proceeded from a man’s relation with himself. For men think a friend is one who wishes well and does what is good, or seems so, for the sake of his friend, or one who wishes his friend to exist and live, for his sake† †¢Explain why Aquinas thinks God’s existence is self-evident, why it nonetheless may not be evident to us, and how Aquinas thinks God’s existence can be made evident Not every human realizes the existence of god. †¢Examples of self-evident propositions: †¢A pig is an animal; a bachelor is an unmarried male †¢Being self-evident in itself versus self-evident to us †¢Aquinas: â€Å"I maintain that God exists is self-evident in itself since its subject and predicate are identical†¦[but] the proposition is not self-evident to us† (197). †¢Question 02: can God’s existence be made evident? †¢Perhaps God’s existence is an article of faith, not of reason †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"There are two types of demonstration: those that argue from cause to effect†¦and those that argue from effect to cause† (198). †¢Hitting a pool ball, pressing the ‘on’ button, hand on the stove. †¢So, from what effects do we infer God’s existence? †¢God’s effects in the world, Mozart and his music †¢Understand Aquinas’ ‘unmoved mover’ and ‘teleological’ arguments for the existence of God and articulate at least one objection to each Argument one of five: the unmoved mover (200). Everything has a cause, but causes can’t go on infinitely. The first uncaused cause is God. Objections: why must it be God? Maybe time is infinite? Telos: the end toward which a thing strives. Everything in nature has a telos. If a thing is non-intelligent, some intelligence must give it its telos. Objection: nature is not telonic in this way †¢Discuss why the question ‘can God create a stone that God cannot lift? ’ is said to be paradoxical and how Aquinas tries to resolve the paradox †¢The paradox of omnipotence: can God create a stone he cannot lift? †¢If God can, there is something God cannot do, i. e. , lift the stone †¢If God cannot, there is something God cannot do, i. e. , create the stone †¢If there is something God cannot do, God is not omnipotent †¢Therefore, God is not omnipotent †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"So we conclude that God’s power extends to anything possible in itself and not implying contradiction. Clearly then God is called omnipotent because he can do everything possible in itself. † (p. 249). because if god cannot lift the the stone he created, he is not omintipitent and also if he cannot create that he cannot lift therefore he is not omnipotent so either way god is not omnipotent so aquinas says that god creates certain laws in the universe that he himself cannot break which is considered absolute possibility and relativee possibility is what he can change. †¢Explain what Aquinas means when he claims evil does not exist because evil does not exit because evil is absence of happiness. †¢Understand the weak and strong versions of the problem of evil and discuss Aquinas’ solution to the problem Strong version of the problem †¢If an omnipotent, omniscient, perfectly good God exists, then evil does not exist †¢Evil exists †¢Therefore, an omnipotent, omniscient, perfectly good God does not exist Weak version of the problem †¢Evil exists †¢The non-existence of God is a more plausible explanation of evil than is the existence of an omnipotent, omniscient, perfectly good God †¢Therefore, it’s more plausible that God does not exist If an omnipotent, omniscient, perfectly good God exists, then evil does not exist. †¢Aquinas’ answer to the problem of evil †¢Why is there evil and sin in thet world? †¢Evil is the necessary result of freedom of the will †¢Thus, God does not command sin, God permits sin †¢Does God cause evil and sin? †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"God is responsible for sinful actions but not for sins† 296 †¢Distinguish Aquinas’ conceptions of eternal, natural, and human law †¢Human law †¢Quoting Cicero: â€Å"laws start with what nature produces, then by use of reason certain things become customs, and finally things produced by nature and tested by custom are sanctified with†¦the weight of laws† (420). †¢Eternal law †¢God as divine legislator: â€Å"Clearly†¦the entire community of the universe is governed by God’s reason† (417). †¢Divine providence: ordering of the universe toward good †¢Natural law †¢Non-moral sense: laws of nature. †¢Moral sense: guides the actions of animals †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Since everything subjected to God’s providence is measured by the standards of his eternal law, as we have said, everything shares in some way in the eternal law, bearing its imprint in the form of a natural tendency to pursue the behavior and goals appropriate to it. Reasoning creatures are subject to God’s providence is a special, more profound way than others by themselves sharing in the planning† (418). Eternal law is identical to the mind of God as seen by God himself. It can be called law because God stands to the universe which he creates as a ruler does to a community which he rules. When God’s reason is considered as it is understood by God Himself, i. e. in its unchanging, eternal nature (q91, a1) , it is eternal law.

Heritage Assessment Tool Essay

Today in society there are many diverse culture and ethnic backgrounds, each with their own habits, traditions, preferences, and of these includes health. Different needs of the whole person should be evaluated in detail. This paper will discuss results from three different cultures through the interviewing of them using the Heritage Assessment Tool. It will also review, compare, and address health traditions between the cultures as well as identify common health traditions based on cultural heritage. The purpose is to evaluate and discuss how families subscribe to these traditions/practices, address health maintenance, health protection, and health restoration according to the assessment. Why Heritage Assessment? One method for determining an individuals or groups needs is to use some type of tool in order to complete the assessment. Over 20 years ago an assessment tool was used in order to promote public health and awareness (â€Å"Heritage Assessment Tool | Researchomatic,† n.d.). The name later became known as â€Å"Healthy People 2000 and 2010† and 2020 is soon to come (â€Å"Heritage Assessment Tool | Researchomatic,† n.d.). The tool contains twenty-nine different and varying questions to obtain detail of birth, siblings, immigration, religion, school, ethnic activities/cuisine and other topics. The usefulness of applying a heritage assessment is because it enables the research to identify how â€Å"Different people have different beliefs regarding health, sickness, infection, virus, birth as well as death. All these different beliefs regarding health direct the various forms of culture. Therefore, the assessment of heritage is a significant step in order to build b etter understanding of cultural capability† (â€Å"Heritage Assessment Tool | Researchomatic,† n.d. , p. 1). Health Maintenance, Health Protection, and Health Restoration Many traditional health beliefs and practices exist today among people who know and live by the traditions of their given ethno cultural heritage. Health, in this traditional context, has three dimensions each of which has three aspects, physical, mental, and spiritual (Giger, 1995). The three health traditions are maintaining, protecting, and restoring health, each with subcategories mentioned above as physical, mental, and spiritual. Those interviewed express a variety of each aspect. The interviews for this study were conducted to see if there is comparison of the differences in health maintenance, health protection, and health restoration among the cultures involved. The three cultures involved were American, Hispanic, and Native American (Navajo Tribe). Family Interviews In maintaining health the American view was to consume a variety of fruits, vegetables and grains were reported to be consumed. Although a variety and balanced nutrition was encourages it is all to be consumed in moderation. Birth control is permissible but immoral acts are only for those who are legal and lawfully married. Common to American western society is permissible to consume alcohol and other legal drugs, but religious preferences restrain those interviewed from any alcohol, tobacco, coffee, tea, or any beverage containing caffeine, and nothing that is harmful to the body. Entertainment was only to be sought if it was uplifting, wholesome and moral. Exercise is important and viewed as their body being sacred and should be maintained. Spiritual prayers were daily with individual and family to protect, maintain and restore health. A sacred oil is sometimes used in blessing those who are sick or afflicted. Fasting was observed monthly for either personal strength or for that of someone else who needs blessings pertaining to health be it mental, physical, or spiritual. Attending a temple where they participate in ordinances with specific clothing is observed in order to protect health as well, however details of this were not to be mentioned specifically. Only those worthy and have authority to bless and heal are able to do so to restore health. The Hispanic member of the interview expresses maintaining health as eating often with immediate family and frequently with close relatives. Main dishes  include rice, beans, enchiladas, tortillas and other recipes custom to their culture. They pray often to maintain spiritual health. Thin is a sign as a problem and they would rather be more obese then skinny. Objective data concludes both parents and children are all obese. They protect health by having God Fathers and Mothers who help to watch out and take care of their children. They are involved in the Catholic Church and state that they attend weekly as a family and participate in sacred ordinances that allow them to grow mentally, spiritually, and physically. Birth control is seen as unacceptable. Seeking medical attention first from health care is not their first option, they state they would rather seek help from parents, grandparents, or friends for remedies or treatments before seeking help from a medical professional. They were familiar with the term curandero which is a holistic healer, but they did not state having ever used such services for their family in particular. The Native American woman interviewed has a strong holistic approach when viewing medicine compared to Western civilization. Before seeking any medical attention she states she will first try teas, herbs and other supplements in soothing common ailments. She often bakes breads, brews teas and gives to others of her family recipes to promote their health. Family unity is viewed as the upmost importance. Contact is maintained with parents, siblings, aunts, uncles, cousins and friends. Though common for Navajo to view illness and sickness as curse or what is deserved, she reported this is more and better observed by her elders as well as speaking native language of Navajo. They do not attend any specific congregation of religion but view ancestors and current family and those they associate with now as their religion because they are those who they will be with after this life. There is a reported problem with alcohol abuse within the home and with other close family members. They view this as an individual’s own choice and decision to consume such beverages. Relationship with the children in a structured home is most valuable. Frequently they visit grandparents, cousins, aunts, uncles on the reservation, at least a few times a month. There are those they recognize as healers and Elders who have a calling to be able to heal and teach, these individuals however do not participate in this as distance makes it difficult. Conclusion Cultures are unique for their habits, traditions, practices and beliefs. Health is a mainstream for all individuals, families and groups to ensure a progression and effective lifestyle is obtained. No matter how health is viewed or practiced it is entailed of a physical, mental, and spiritual makeup that requires attention. How that attention is given is decided by the culture and the people of that culture and should be viewed as an individual’s right to practice and perform as they choose. Living in a world with such diverse culture it is pleasing to see the different ways cultures and people address their health traditions and how they approach any need for adopting health traditions. References Giger, J.N. and Davidhizar, R.E. Transcultural Nursing Assessment and Intervention, 2nd ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 1995. Heritage Assessment Tool | Researchomatic. (n.d.). Retrieved January 18, 2015, from http://www.researchomatic.com/Heritage-Assessment-Tool-104596.html

Free Essays on Ben Still Life

Yale Center for British Art Ben Nicholson Still-life (Newlyo) When seeing this painting it truly reminded me of my work this semester. Where I have been experimenting with colors and shapes, trying to make them bounce of each other. In Bens painting the colors and style were very similar. They both were bright in color but in Ben’s painting he had more structure and actual objects almost like a cubist painting. Where his shapes were more like objects and in mine they are plainly different shapes. But the thinking is the same. We take a shape or an object and try to change it in some way where you still know what it is but there are questions. Hs structure of the shapes was more clear and smooth then some in mine. His dark outline reminded me of the newspapers piece I did where I blocked out sections in a deep black. Bringing a feeling of depression or even a feeling of death. When I decided to outline in black I was trying to emphasize the idea that the newspaper underneath was meaningless and dead. Where in his he outlines his objects in a thick black line bring you closer to what he is trying to show you. He lets the canvas show through is some places that I feel is very important to the story that he is trying to explain. You see he is letting the natural canvas come through and present itself to the viewer. To show that nature itself is a form of art.... Free Essays on Ben Still Life Free Essays on Ben Still Life Yale Center for British Art Ben Nicholson Still-life (Newlyo) When seeing this painting it truly reminded me of my work this semester. Where I have been experimenting with colors and shapes, trying to make them bounce of each other. In Bens painting the colors and style were very similar. They both were bright in color but in Ben’s painting he had more structure and actual objects almost like a cubist painting. Where his shapes were more like objects and in mine they are plainly different shapes. But the thinking is the same. We take a shape or an object and try to change it in some way where you still know what it is but there are questions. Hs structure of the shapes was more clear and smooth then some in mine. His dark outline reminded me of the newspapers piece I did where I blocked out sections in a deep black. Bringing a feeling of depression or even a feeling of death. When I decided to outline in black I was trying to emphasize the idea that the newspaper underneath was meaningless and dead. Where in his he outlines his objects in a thick black line bring you closer to what he is trying to show you. He lets the canvas show through is some places that I feel is very important to the story that he is trying to explain. You see he is letting the natural canvas come through and present itself to the viewer. To show that nature itself is a form of art....

buy custom The Murkurtu Archive essay

buy custom The Murkurtu Archive essay The Murkurtu Archive is a browser based digital archive built around the cultural protocols of the Warumungu Aboriginal community in Australias Northern Territory. The Mukurtu Archives serves as a source of indigenous heritage for the people of the Warumungu community which is found in Tennant Creek, N.T. Australia. This vast source of information was created by the community with the assistance of researchers such as Kimberly Chrixten, Craig Dietrich, Chris Cooney and Tim Dietrich. This archive is housed at the Nyinkka Nyunyu Art and Culture centre. This archive acts as a tool of preserving this communitys heritage and it tries to achieve rhetorical and cultural sovereignty of the Warumungu community. This center offers a chance for the people to add historical artifacts and also have rights in controlling the access and use of this artifact. The people of the Warumungu community use this archive to reproduce, transmit cultural knowledge and materials. The content is basically inclusive of the things and items that were found in the peoples culture and how they used them. These include the bush medicine, animals and other artifacts that the Warumungu community cherishes as their heritage. The structure of the content is divided in categories. The categories are further divided into subcategories and then individual files. Then the way to access particular information is throughquery. The uploaded information is stored in a database and in reference to the given categories you search for information you need. The categories are such as families which are the contents that based on the profile based content delivery and my collections which is generated by the users of the archive. Artifacts such as bush medicine, animals and other items are stored for peoples viewing. This categories are used to search for an item and then you further specify in the query the date when created then it is followed by the family which was involved to profile it. To access a particular item you will choose the sub category if bush medicine, artifacts, songs and dances, and many others. Then you choose the type of media that you need to use that is burn on a CD or print a hard copy. The content in the archive is termed to be in a safe place because every one can only access what they have password to. How it achieves cultural power and sovereignty It has restrictions and one person can not access information of other people. The Archive provides a cultural solution to the communitys concern over access to and the reproduction of the digitized versions of cultural materials and personal community photos. The community needed way to manage and maintain the cultural protocols surrounding the viewing, circulation and reproduction of these materials. The cultural protocols for example men could not view womens rituals in real offline life also on this site the restriction goes such as people from one country which is a specific area cannot view the things from another country without permission and family members do not view files of the deceased. To create the archive we leveraged the existing code of ethics and created a database based on logic, with mysql structure and interface features. This archive achieves rhetorical and cultural sovereignty in the way they manage the affairs of their community and the normal code of ethics followed in real life situations has also be implemented on the site. Thus there is complete control in the viewing, circulation and reproduction of these cultural materials and information. This is a success of the site. This site or archive tool emphasizes access, accountability and cultural protocols that guide the way people interact with sort, search for and reproduce cultural materials=, images and the knowledge associated with them. The archive not only for conservation but cultural system information management system and it is accessible through socially adaptable and culturally acceptable means. Improvement can be the specification of areas occupied by certain families or in other words mapping capabilities and also addition of public collections and the production of remix versions. Buy custom The Murkurtu Archive essay

Memory Joggers to Frame Your Lessons

Memory Joggers to Frame Your Lessons A difficulty that many students have after spending a day in class is crystallizing the key points and retaining the information taught. Therefore, as teachers we should devote time in each lesson to helping students see through the details to the core of what is being taught. This can be done through a combination of verbal and written cues. Following is a look at some of the ways that you can help students as they work through daily lessons in your class. Start With the Focus for the Day State What Students Will Be Able to Do at the End of the Lesson objectives convert fahrenheit to celsius temperature scale celsius Daily Agenda Posted With Topics/Subtopics Provide Students With a Notes Outline Materials and Equipment Lists Activity Structure End of the Day Review Relevance for Tomorrows Lesson Just like television shows end seasons with cliffhangers to whet the appetite and excite viewers for the next season, ending lessons by building interest for the next day can serve the same purpose. This can also help frame the information taught in the larger context of the unit or overall topic being taught.

FINAL 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

FINAL 2 - Assignment Example 1838 saw Pennington officiate at the wedding of Frederick Douglass and Anna Murray. In the 1840s and 1850s, Pennington preached under congregational African churches in New York, which ended up giving him international recognition as an antislavery orator, as well as a civil rights activist (Alexander & Walter 500). In addition to his numerous sermons as well as speeches, Pennington in 1841 authored what is thought to have been one of first textbooks on African American history, The History, and Origin of the Colored People. Pennington’s autobiographical account was then published under the title The Fugitive Blacksmith in 1849. James Pennington died in 1870 and was aged 63. Pennington in his memoir The Fugitive Blacksmith uses his life account to condemn the act of slavery; with involvements with the Abolitionist movement. He traces his convictions that claim slavery is immoral, and the basis of his argument is on what he saw as a young man on the horrors that were inflicted on his father. While Pennington’s father was tending to shepherd duties, he saw his master come and beat his father mercilessly for something that was trivial and that sight never left Pennington the same again. Sometime after the cruel event that happened to his father, Pennington decided that he did not want to be a slave and opted to find a way to freedom (Alexander & Walter 501). In his quest for freedom, Pennington spent day’s hungry and faced lots of terror on his way northward in order to escape slavery. One moral dilemma Pennington had been he could lay and thus claiming he was free in order to avoid being returned to his masters as he journeyed north. The mor e he lied the more they believed him, and as a result, Pennington found a chance to escape as he continued his journey. On arrival in Pennsylvania Pennington who was starved and exhausted had an encounter with a woman who offered him help with food, clothing, and shelter.

Persuasive Paper Part 3 Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Persuasive Part 3 - Research Paper Example In the United States, as per the Federal legal provisions, every state is required to maintain a sex offender registry. The purpose of this law was to extend the identity, names and addresses of the proclaimed sex offenders to the public so as to empower the common people and enable them to protect themselves and their children from possible sex offenses. However, in a practical sense, the sex offender registry happens to be quiet exhaustive and bulky and it is not possible for the people to commit to memory the names and addresses of all the sex offenders. Thereby extending to the people an exhaustive list of sex offenders replete with the name of people who got involved in varying gravity of sex offenses is not likely to protect the masses against sex offenses (Paludi, 2008, p. 178). Yet, on the other side, having one’s name in the sex offender registry could much harm the life of an individual. ... Hence, it will be totally unreasonable and farfetched to enter the names of such people in the sex offenders list. On the one side such an approach will do no practical good to the people, and on the other side such an approach will only make it difficult for the redeemable sex offenders to enter the social mainstream (Yessine & Bonta, 2006). People are bound to be unsympathetic towards the individuals whose name is in the sex offender registry. Hence, the contemporary sex offender registration laws need to be changed so that only those sex offenders who are liable to indulge in sexual offenses in the future get listed in the registry and the individuals who got listed by indulging in some momentary public indecency could get a chance to lead a normal life (Sullum, 2003). The existing sex offender registration laws happen to be counterproductive in their scope and intention because they are punitive in their spirit (Hodgson & Kelley, 2002, p. 225). The very objective of saving the ci tizens from sexual offenses gets overlapped by the act of labeling people who indulged in varying degrees of sexual offenses in a generalized category of sex offenders. It will be reasonable to conclude that not all sex offenders are beyond rehabilitation. There is a category of sex offenders which is open to social rehabilitation. Thereby, making an individual open to stigmatization by placing one’s name in the sex offender registry and pushing one into isolation is certainly not the right way to rehabilitate a sex offender (Wilson & Petersilia, 2011). In fact it increases the likelihood of a registered sex offender further engaging in sexual offenses. Simply speaking, compiling a long list of sex

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 41

Reflection - Essay Example In addition, there are various factors cited as limitations to interactional activities within the document. One of the limitation is learners are usually subjected to a scenario where they are engaged with inputs through complicated dimension of language. There are also various dimensions of interaction pointed and elaborated within the document; one of these dimensions is associated with the fact that interact has been perceived as an ideational activity: This entails that there are certain mental awareness that may exist among individuals, thus shaping the manner through, which they think on issues ascribed to the social and physical environment. Another fundamental issue covered within the document is impact of language on teaching. The document asserts that, indeed there are various impacts of language on teaching. One of the impacts is that language enables teachers and tutors to direct and provide appropriate guidance to their students. Consequently, there are micro-strategies that can used to facilitate interaction learning; one of these strategies is holiday shopping, which basically entails facilitated decision-making process among

Double Jeopardy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Double Jeopardy - Essay Example One of her fellow inmates offers her a piece of legal advice concerning the 5th amendment of the US constitution called the double jeopardy clause (Rudstein 14). Due to the double jeopardy clause provided by the constitution, Elizabeth will not get convicted again for shooting and killing his husband in the film. The double jeopardy clause will provide that she does not become re-prosecuted for the same crime that she committed and got convicted of (Rudstein 14). Elizabeth had served a 6 year sentence for the wrongful conviction of killing her husband by the time she got paroled. When she gets out of prison and rightfully tracks down her husband for framing her, she is within her constitutional right to kill him. The constitutional amendment provided in the double jeopardy clause would ensure that Libby does not get convicted of the same crime of killing her husband twice. This means that she will avoid another stint in

Evaluate the problems and improvement of performance management system Essay

Evaluate the problems and improvement of performance management system implementation - Essay Example In order to understand the concept of performance management system, it is critical to analyze its general regards in performance. There is a consideration of the process of performance management as a cycle in general performance planning, performance coaching, and performance appraisal and performance feedback. The overall purpose of performance management is to ensure that the organization is working together with its subsystems in an optimum fashion to achieve the firm’s goals. Given the low rating of the performance management system among employees, it is necessary to undertake a thorough analysis to realize the reason for the low ratings. Therefore, this research focuses on the performance management system in the organization internal context. In the main body, the study puts forward the problems arising in the designing and implementation of a performance management system. The paper does this by separately considering the problems that can arise in the design of a performance management system and then follows this with an explanation of problems that can arise in the implementation of the system. Further, the paper evaluates measures that can lead to improvement in the performance management system. The article aims at contributing to the development of the performance management system through exploring the problems of the performance management system in the practical application. Designing and the implementation of the performance management system are not an easy task and require a combined of effort by the Human Resource Managers. There are a number of potential challenges encountered in achieving a fit that is best for the organization and ensuring an effective and efficient implementation of Performance Management System. Some of the intricate problems that can occur in the design of performance management

Double Jeopardy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Double Jeopardy - Essay Example One of her fellow inmates offers her a piece of legal advice concerning the 5th amendment of the US constitution called the double jeopardy clause (Rudstein 14). Due to the double jeopardy clause provided by the constitution, Elizabeth will not get convicted again for shooting and killing his husband in the film. The double jeopardy clause will provide that she does not become re-prosecuted for the same crime that she committed and got convicted of (Rudstein 14). Elizabeth had served a 6 year sentence for the wrongful conviction of killing her husband by the time she got paroled. When she gets out of prison and rightfully tracks down her husband for framing her, she is within her constitutional right to kill him. The constitutional amendment provided in the double jeopardy clause would ensure that Libby does not get convicted of the same crime of killing her husband twice. This means that she will avoid another stint in

Fat Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Fat - Essay Example He tries to convince his readers that society should not take responsibility for the unhealthy behavior of others, and that everyone should strive to be healthy. He is of the opinion that it is wrong for the American government to try and fight obesity by manipulating consumer in the variety of food options that they should use (Balko, p 159). In another text, Paul Campos says that society should not pressure individuals to be thin. He claims that being fat is fine and that there has been no scientific proof that being thin means being healthier. He says that it is all propaganda by the diet industry to get money from people. Campos notes that many people tend to think that being thin means being healthy. He asserts that thinner people are not healthier than fat people, and they should not believe that they are because that is mere propaganda (Campos, p 209). Susie Orbach points out that beauty and physical fitness have become the goals of almost every woman today. She further argues that most women have made the names of diet foods their vocabulary. Issues of food and being fat have preoccupied most people to the extent that they are usually taken for granted. However, these problems present very painful and serious experiences to most women (Orbach, p 200). Susie Orbach further notes that society creates an image that should be followed by women, for them to be appealing. These images keep changing and hence add pressure on women to keep up with the trends (Orbach, p 203). She writes that, in all the changing images, the one thing that remains constant is that women are portrayed as thin. In the last article used in this analysis, David Zinczenko, in his essay, don’t blame the eater, writes that the weight problem faced by society is not only the consumers’ problem; it is largely fuelled by the food industry itself. He says that fast food restaurants play a significant role in weight gain

Nike and International Labor Practice Essay Example for Free

Nike and International Labor Practice Essay Problem Identification Established in the early 70s Nike, Inc., based in Beaverton, Oregon, USA faced a severe stream of criticism and experienced growing problems concerning their plants and employee treatment, mainly in Indonesia and Vietnam in 1988. Rising demand for Nike products, which almost doubled within a short period of time, led the company and its 350+ subcontractors to raise the production level. Series of labor problems and abuse such as cheap labor wages, poor working conditions, health and safety issues and underage workers exploitation, were the main issues Nike had to deal with. Furthermore, Nike, Inc. had to deal with managing the diversity of cultures and language barriers had to be overcome, while still be able to produce the high-quality product Nike is famous for. Throughout the 1990s Phil Knight, CEO of Nike, Inc. and the company itself lost their superb corporate image in the eye of the world and it became an international incident. Causes of Problem After establishing a name in the world, Phil Knight, decided to manufacture Nikes apparel in South Korea and Taiwan, and by 1982 already 86% of Nikes sneakers came from these two countries. Realizing that Asian countries like Indonesia, Vietnam and China provide cheaper labor cost, better government support and higher profit, Nike moved their production lines there, with Indonesia becoming an important location. In 1991, the daily minimum wage was barely $1 in Indonesia, compared to a typical daily wage of $24.40 in South Korea and a US hourly wage of about $8 in athletic shoe manufacturing. Even that the Indonesian government raised the minimum wage from 2,100 Rupiah ($1.00/day) to 2,500 Rupiah ($1.25/day), the new wage was still underneath the workers living expenses. In 1992, these issues went outside of Indonesia and even hit Washington D.C., when President Clinton introduced the task force Apparel Industry Partnership (AIP) to develop and control labor standards for foreign fact ories. Although Nike was the first one to join, they had trouble convincing people that everything went right in their plants in Asia. Ernst Young was being hired to control and audit the factories, but soon voices became loud, that there was not a really  objective view at the problems, since Nike was paying them. It hit the peak in 1997/ 1998, when TV shows, newspapers and even a movie (The Big One) were talking about the bad conditions within Nikes factories in Asia and publicly challenged Phil Knight to change the way workers were treated, compensated and how underage workers were employed. Adidas, Reebok and New Balance took advantage of Nikes down slope and gained in competitive advantage. This led to diminishing sales number, earnings fell 69%, and for the first time in 13 years Nike, Inc. had a loss at the end of the year 1998. Alternatives 1.Government regulation of Nike Advantages: a)Local Government would have a closer look onto what is happening in its own country and with their people b)US Government could also have a closer look onto what Nike is doing abroad and would be able to intervene any illegal activity from the motherland c)Both governments would work closer together and it would open doors for other US companies to invest in the foreign country Disadvantages: a)As indicated in the case, some governments just see the money that is brought into the country, regardless what is happening within the company, or better said to its people. b)Ties between the US government and the foreign country might not be the best, due to political tensions, and makes it therefore tougher to work together. 2.Improve employees working and living standards Advantages: a)A happy employee is a better worker improve the employees living standard by raising his wage, giving him more benefits (health insurance, vacation time), lessen his working hours, etc. b)Equal Opportunity give chances to workers to move up the company ladder, and not only bring outside people in. Furthermore, adjust workers compensation, working hours and labor conditions to human standards. c)Extensive training and development for managers All managers should learn foreign countrys language, living habits and adapt to culture. Training the workers on the job will also help to overcome workforce diversity and make the workplace a better place to be. Disadvantages: a)The changes will take time and will be cost effective. b)Adapt to western working habits, might be a huge change for Asian workforce and might not be adapted well 3.Documentation and Inspection Advantages: a)Factories will be supervised, by either the local government or organizations b)Inspections will lead to better working conditions c)Workers will have someone to talk to and will not be left alone Disadvantages: a)Again, organizations might be paid by Nike and not report the whole truth b)Reports from workers might be left alone and not brought up to people in charge Best Alternative The best alternative for Nike, Inc. is to undertake all three alternatives simultaneously. In order to gain back the market share and competitive advantage, their global view has to strengthen. They started off very well by implementing some of the above-mentioned ideas. These alternatives will just help them to become a stronger player in this fast growing and very competitive business world. Implementation Steps The actions, that Nike, Inc. should take are as followed: First they should work on getting their name back into the right spotlight, by implementing the alternatives. The governments will be more than willing to help them and since Nike is recognized all over the world, even the local governments/ countries are keen on keeping them in their country and employ their citizens. This might even bring countries like the USA and Indonesia closer together and more companies from the US will be ready to go to Indonesia and produce there. Secondly, the workers benefits, life standard and work habits are the most important of all of the alternatives. Nike, Inc. should invest most of their research and development in this field, since the wages are still not as they should be. An idea would be to start raising the wages to at least the countrys standard, so that people can live off their earnings a normal life. Nike started successfully the implementation of programs that involved increasing the workers living standard in the developing world, but still the compensation of the worker is the main problem that needs to be taken on right away. Secure working places, no lay-offs and safe working environments should be steps that must be taken immediately, only then we can see the difference and make a worker a happy  and productive employee. Last but not least, Nike should be watched, inspected and documented upon. It will not only help the factories in Vietnam or Indonesia, but also the company itself. Once outside organizations tell Nike where they need to improve on and do it after being told, then the company will also get into the positive spotlight, which will resume in higher sales and more profit. Nike will then be again the strongest contender in supporting and sponsoring universities, pro athletes and teams and most important a company that everybody wants to work for, regardless where.

Childhood Education

Childhood Education (a) Addition of two key concepts to the writers vocabulary The showing of schooling as ‘monocultural and ‘taken-for-granted practices in schools and centres do not easily support or match those of the children and their families. In universalist truth and monocultural perspective, the culture of one group/class is clearly privileged above the other where human agency may be frail, especially among those with little power, but it happens daily therefore it deserves our attention. In such circumstances what is often silenced is the known socio-historical and cultural world of concerned families, the familiar signs and symbols, and established social and cultural practices and beliefs. Until we appreciate the physical existence, experiences, and knowledges of the traditionally marginalized, our concern for child will never be realized. (Nicola Yelland, Critical issues in early childhood education, p 26-32) The Mosaic Approach, involving a process both the gathering of materials and dialogue, reflection an interpretation of these documents facets of the preschool. It recognizes that children are experts in their own lives and uses range of different ways of documenting childrens views and everyday experiences. It is multi-method recognizing the multiple languages of childhood and adopt the participatory approach by involving children. The UN Child Rights convention also recognized the children participation and importance of their views in matters relating to them. (Gunilla Dahlberg Peter Moss, Ethics and politics in early childhood education: p 158-161) b) Concept needs more study Yelland, in â€Å"critical issues in early childhood education† states that childrens experiences and expectations are determined by their local communities, particular political and economic strata, and specific ethnic and cultural groups. The mono-cultural approach is ethnocentric and that it ignores the range of life contexts and knowledges experienced by children from diverse cultural, ethnic, linguistic and value contexts. Therefore I want to investigate that the current mono-cultural practices prevailing in the preschools and child care centres, is how much detrimental to the children mental and physical development and effects of parents resistance in following such practices. c) Linkage of ideas (a) (b) to child in surrounding As the world becomes a global village, few countries can lay claim to a truly homogeneous population. Today, multicultural diversity characterizes most countries, a factor that has enormous implications in early childhood education. Childrens experiences and expectations are determined by their local communities and particular ethnic or cultural grouping. Muslim origin Australians living in neighbouring environment have specific cultural sensitivity predominantly female and can not be merged into mono-cultural setup. Therefore they need education services that take into account their diverse cultural, economic and ethnic background. Community Reflection a) Central idea a reading: critical issues in early childhood education (Nicola Yelland) Yelland, in â€Å"† portrays that many early childhood educators, researchers and theorists throughout the world are focusing attention on the ecology of childhood. Numerous researchers, as part of an ecological approach to understanding childrens development, have explored family characteristics and how they interact with the community at large. In order to truly children, however, we must select a broader orientation. Development can only be fully understood when it is viewed in the larger cultural context. A child culture may be the mainstream or dominant culture, or it may be one of many subcultures that can found in almost any country. Therefore there is a need for dialogue among early childhood educators, both within their own communities and with colleagues from other countries. This collegial communication deepens early childhood educators understanding of childrens similarities and differences. Therefore, Yelland emphasised that reconceptualists and developmentalists should join together to generate new discourses and to construct actions that actually challenge the power that has been created over children which has led to their being constructed and labeled as ignorant, innocent, and without agency beyond their own developmental explorations. b) Other proposed reading The â€Å"critical issues in early childhood education† examines research across a range of settings on professional development and school readiness and provides a solid foundation of knowledge the early childhood education field needs by viewing childrens native culture in the larger context. In agreement to the above study I would refer to the study â€Å"Multiple literacies in early childhood† of Jones Diaz, Arthur Beecher arguing that early childhood educators need to go beyond developmentalist and constructivist models of literacy which categorise cultural and social difference within fixed boundaries as add on inclusions to mainstream views of language and literacy learning. It explored frameworks of poststructural and critical theories, providing contextually effective starting points to maximize childrens social and cultural capital. The study identified the significance of popular culture and childrens divers literacy practices. It further describes that challenge for early childhood educators is to find out about childrens multiple literacies and integrate these into the program. Reference ___________________ Jones Diaz, Arthur Beecher, Multiple literacies in early childhood. Paper presented at AARE, Sydney University, Dec 4-7, 2000 on line: http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-66494206/multiple-literacies-early-childhood.html

Sanitation and Plagues of Elizabeth?s England :: essays research papers fc

In Elizabethan times, living conditions of an everyday townsman was quite indecent. Elizabethan’s lived in houses that were extremely close to one another, which made it quite easy to disregard such a necessity to keep the streets and living surroundings clean. People threw all of the waste outside of their windows, which included, their feces, dead cats and dogs, and also kitchen waste. Eventually, when it would rain, the rain would wash all of the rancid waste into local waters. There were â€Å"regulations against people washing clothes in or near waters used for drink, or against washing the entrails of beasts after slaughter†(Rowse 156). â€Å"†¦it is evident from innumerable documents how frequently they were broken† (Rowse 156). As long as people lived in small groups, isolated from each other, there were not many incidents of widespread disease. But as civilization progressed, people began clustering into cities. As the cities grew and became crowded, they also became the nesting places of water-borne, insect-borne, and skin-to-skin infectious diseases. The Elizabethans shared communal water, handled unwashed food, stepped in excrement from casual discharge of manure, and used urine for dyes, bleaches, and ev en treatment of wounds. As A.L. Rowse mentions, â€Å"many of the citizens possessed chamber pots, usually made of tin, or close stools.† The close stools were put in the cockloft, the sleeping quarters of the Elizabethans. This would obviously reek of horrible odors and force the townsmen to dump them as soon as possible into the slimy cobblestone streets. Many rats and rodents flocked to the littered streets, finding morsels of anything that would satisfy their hunger. This is where the transportation of the plague would come to play. As the rodents feasted on the waste, the plague-infested fleas would jump to the nearest passerby. â€Å"The most devastating to England was the bubonic plague. Also known as, â€Å""The Black Death", because of the black spots it produced on the skin. A terrible killer was loose across Europe, and medieval medicine had nothing to combat it†(Rice). London was afflicted over a dozen times during the 1500’s (Miller and Orr)†. Winters were usually mild, allowing the rats and rodents, which carried fleas to stay active throughout the winter months. â€Å"Typhus fever is another disease born of bad sanitation. It is also known as, "jail fever" or "ship fever," because it was so common among men held captive in such putrid surroundings. The disease was highly contagious and usually transmitted through human feces and lice that infested the unclean bodies of the Elizabethans.

Economics †Product Differentiation in Monopoly Essay

Monopolies are firms that are the sole or dominant suppliers of a good or service in a given market. And what sets apart monopolies from competitive firms is â€Å"market power†- the ability of a firm to affect the market price. Price discrimination is the business practice of selling the same good at different prices to different customers, even though the cost of production is the same for all customers. Only monopolies can practice price discrimination, because otherwise competition would prevent price discrimination. Price discrimination increases the monopolist’s profits, reduces the consumer surplus and reduces the deadweight loss. (the buyers of the lower-priced product should not be able to resell the product to the higher-priced market. Otherwise, the monopoly will not be able to maintain price differentials. ) The monopolist must be able to identify segments of the market that are willing to pay different prices, and then market its products accordingly. A common technique to achieve this is by making it harder to get the lower prices, since wealthier consumers value their time more than their money. Some ways the monopolistic firms can implement discriminatory pricing are; †¢Linear Approximation Technique or Markup Pricing Technique †¢Personalized Pricing – extracting the maximum amount a customer is willing to pay for the product. †¢Coupons and Rebates – providing coupons to attract more customers or providing personalized discounts. †¢Bulk pricing – offering lower prices when customer buys a huge quantity of the same product. †¢Bundling – joining products or services together in order to sell them as a single combined unit. Block pricing – Charging more for the first set of the product, then less for each additional product bought by the same consumer. †¢Group Pricing- charging different customers different price based on factors such as race, gender, age, abilities etc. and also â€Å"psychographic segmentation†- dividing consumers based on their lifestyle, personality, values, and social class. †¢Charging different prices based on geographic location. Some products may be cheaper to produce in different places and based on the cost of the good sold the monopolistic firm can charge different prices in order to maximize its profits. Placing restrictions or other â€Å"inferior† characteristics on the low-price good or service, so as to make it sufficiently less attractive to the high price segment †¢Establishing a schedule of â€Å"volume discounts† (â€Å"block pricing†) such that only large-volume buyers (who may have more elastic demands) qualify †¢Using a two-part tariff, where the customer pays an up-front fee for the right to buy the product and then pays additional fees for each unit of the product consumed.

Childhood Cancer Clusters in California’s Central Valley

Childhood Cancer Clusters in California’s Central Valley Case report :Sakshi Arora March 22, 2012 This case study examines childhood cancers in agricultural communities of Mc Farland and Earlimart from 1978 to 1995. According to the local residents of these communities the main reason for cancer is contamination through pesticide in the agricultural farms which is the major source of employment for the residents of the community. McFarland is a small community in Kern County, with the population of about 6200, located at the southern end of California’s San Joaquin Valley.They are the main source of cotton and Almond in the area. Census Data of 1980 revealed that 40 percent of the population is less than 18 years of age. Main source of employment of the population is the farms with the annual income of merely $4300. Due to the limited source of income they were incapable of having health insurance of themselves and the kids. it has been observed that since1978 to 1990, 14 children in McFarland have childhood cancer which is four times the expected rate.The cancers were of many different types including liver, kidney, eye, adrenal glands, and bone. By 1992, five of the children had died. The families of Mcfarland were disturbed and are in pain due to increasing numbers of the victims. Earlimart is another small farming community located in southern Tulare County about 15 miles north of McFarland in the San Joaquin Valley. Child population of the area is one-third of the adult population. It is surrounded by vineyards.In 1989, the United Farm Workers union uncovered a second cluster of twelve childhood cancers in Earlimart among children of farm workers. Study of Dr. Marion Moses, a medical consultant for the union, revealed that the cancers occurred in area is 12 times higher than estimated numbers. All the victims were not of same kind. Some of them had leukemia where some died of lymphoma or kidney cancer. â€Å"In adults, when you get different types of cancer, then most of the time it is not a Cluster,† It as really shocking as Cancer is rare disease in children, the main thought of question arise about the increasing number ignoring the type of cancer. According to the residents, pesticides are the main cause of increasing number of child death rate in the area. Mcfarland and Earlimart are small communities who are not engaged in lot of activities. Victim’s parents have been examined and most of them reported it is caused by pesticides whereas some residents living have reported that no such incident has been observed in their families.Their main occupation is agriculture in the farms where pesticide is being used. They have reported contamination of water is also one of the reasons for the cancer. The case unfolds the number of cases which happened with the people throughout the period. They also reported that in spite of informing the harmful effect of the pesticides to their boss . To which no action has been taken instead their interference in such matter would a reason of them to be fired from the job.The figures of The California Department of Food and Agriculture revealed that there are more than 1,200 cases in California alone in 1986 based on worker compensation records. Nationwide, one estimate calculated as many as 313,000 pesticide-related illnesses among farm worker each year. Dr. Marion Moses, a San Francisco physician active with farm worker groups and a member of the pesticide advisory committee of the Environmental Protection Agency said the main reason for cancer deaths has direct relationship with the pesticides being used in given county.In 1984, after the discovery of the cancer cluster in McFarland, United Farm Workers, Began a boycott on five chemicals being used on the crop such as phosdrin, captan, dinoseb, methyl bromide, and parathion which were found the main reason for situation. Concerned citizen groups from McFarland asked Kern County officials to look i nto the cancer cluster in their community. Within the year the investigation took over of California department of health services. After five years of their investigation on the area they came up with the conclusion that pesticide is not the reason for the cancer deaths in the area affected. despite of all the researches they were unable to find the specific cause for the situation. on the other hand farmers were confident about the reason for the same. They felt abandoned by the government as they didn’t see and drop of hope. Numbers have been significantly increasing every year. After years of study on the area department of health services decided to stop their study as they didn’t determine the cause for the new cases of cancer every year. Proposition 65, officially known as the â€Å"Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act,†.It is based on the premise that the public and workers have a right to be informed about exposures to chemicals that are known to the state to cause cancer, birth defects, or other reproductive harm. According the proposition list of chemicals has been maintained with its effects to the people. According to the proposition it is the responsibility of the business to inform its employees, clearly about the effects of such materials used in the process. It should be reasonably defined.Also 20months after the pesticide is listed business must not knowingly discharge the waste material into soil or water. The State hazard communication program requires that, whenever employees are working in treated fields or handling pesticides, the employer must display Pesticide Safety Information Series (PSIS) leaflet A-9 (â€Å"Pesticide Safety Rules for Farmworkers â€Å"), PSIS A-8 (â€Å"Safety Rules for Pesticide Handlers on Farms), or PSIS N-8 (â€Å"Safety Rules for Pesticide Handlers in Non-Agricultural Settings â€Å") at the work site or at a central location where workers gather.The State hazard communicatio n program requires that, whenever employees are working in treated fields or handling pesticides, the employer must display Pesticide Safety Information Series (PSIS) leaflet A-9 (â€Å"Pesticide Safety Rules for Farmworkers â€Å"), PSIS A-8 (â€Å"Safety Rules for Pesticide Handlers on Farms), or PSIS N-8 (â€Å"Safety Rules for Pesticide Handlers in Non-Agricultural Settings â€Å") at the work site or at a central location where workers gather.As the information gathered from the case report workers have not been informed about any of the above hazards of health. Also it is strange to observe that pesticides being used in the farms also listed in the list of chemicals under prop 65 which were hazardous are not been informed to the farmers. Also investigations done by the agency didn’t reveal the fact that the pesticides the main cause for the cancer in the area. Under prop 65 list of chemical it is clearly stated pesticide phosdrin causes cancer. I don’t hink the research on the contamination water, air and soil was done properly as none of the facts mentioned under prop 65 has been revealed. Neither list of chemicals has been listed by the farm owners to inform to the workers about the hazardous pesticides in the farm nor the researches revealed the facts. All these researches have been done but victim parents did not got any justice. Since they are poor they got no choice but to live on those farms to earn their living and lost their family members just like that.From 1978to 1990 the people suffered, 28 died . California department of health services took samples for examination, tested soil and air but result were not noticeable. They were only be able to analyses the situation today but couldn’t do anything for the innocent people died in last 12 years. Question arises from this study in the mind as to why this facts were not being examined after years of research by the state and county officials? Were they biased in making a decision?Although lot of research took place in the area but nothing proved fruitful and the mystery remained unsolved by the health department. Since 1992 no case has been examined but the above time period mentioned couldn’t reveal the facts of the history. Sources: Case report retrieved from http://www. law. stanford. edu/publications/casestudies/case_abstracts/ Pesticide and proposition 65 retrieved from http://www. cdpr. ca. gov/docs/dept/factshts/prop65. htm

Difference Between Learning Degree & On Campus Degree

Over the past decade, increasing numbers of students of all ages and backgrounds have enrolled in distance learning degrees through the Internet. The two forms of college education, the traditional on-campus degree and this new distributed learning approach, differ in a number of ways. Yet they both offer specific advantages. The composition of the student population has changed significantly since the 1980s. A large number of today's college students are older and more heterogeneous. They also demonstrate varying levels of academic preparation. Many would-be students graduated high school a number of years ago and, due to various family and employment commitments, no longer have the flexibility of attending a traditional university setting. Further, some individuals live in remote geographical areas or do not have appropriate transportation opportunities. Distance learning offers them a much more expedient way to further their education. Distance learning offers such students the opportunity to learn online through their computers. Distributed learning programs are designed to enable individuals to achieve their educational and career goals in a way that is most convenient. They can arrange to study wherever they are and whenever they have the time arranged around their personal schedule. At the beginning of a distance learning class, the instructors normally transmit all information on assignments and lectures and provide or explain the study materials required. Throughout the course, students complete the work on their own, just as they would in an on-campus classroom setting. They use their computers to interact in discussions, ask questions and receive feedback from both the instructor and other students. When assignments come due, they send them to their instructors online, who grades and sends them back with comments. However, it is important for individuals to determine if distance education is the right avenue for them. It definitely is not for everyone. It requires a great deal of personal discipline and just as much, if not more, work and time commitment as a traditional classroom. If an individual is not self-motivated or has a tendency to put things off, it is very easy to get considerably behind the classroom schedule and not be able to catch up. With distributed learning, there is nothing stopping students from deciding to watch the latest reality show instead of turning on their computers. Also, would-be distance learning students need to be able to have an adequate understanding of computer technology and know how to read and study online course materials. Despite the many individuals who are taking advantage of online learning, there are still growing numbers of people who want the on-campus experience. Some individuals believe that the traditional setting offers students the best overall achievement opportunity. They state that the on- campus classroom offers more possibilities for personal interaction and communication in addition to building relationships in a mutually familiar environment. Students are able to meet face-to-face with professors as well as classmates. Both oral and nonverbal communication skills are enhanced. In face-to-face dialogues with others in the same room, facial expressions, body language, and tone of voice definitely play an essential role. Students also gain skills they will need in their future careers. In most cases, traditional college courses include team projects, where it is necessary to solve problems, set objectives and goals interactively with others. They are involved in a creative environment of active, participatory, exploratory learning. Sometimes, students actually help develop curriculum and class procedures. On-campus students also appreciate the other experiences they have. They personally meet people from all different backgrounds and countries and acquire skills on how to relate to others whose goals and values may very significantly. The colleges offer a variety of organizations, leadership and participatory involvement, and on-campus activities and special events. Being able to study directly in the campus library is very helpful. In addition to coursework, students can attend special lectures and seminars and enjoy school and community offerings such as movies, theater and museums. Lastly, an on-campus environment does not exclude technology and computer-based learning. Many students use their laptops and PCs to supplement their coursework, participate in chat groups, e-mail, and interact with the instructors. In many cases, the classes combine online and on-campus learning opportunities. Both distance and campus education can be advantageous. However, each student must decide which of these offer the most effective learning style based on personal traits and interests. For some individuals, Internet courses that let students learn at their own pace and review content until completely understood is the best method. Others learn best in an on-campus environment where they can be motivated by and involved with others in a traditional classroom setting.

The Experience in the Educational Counseling Preparation Program Research Proposal

The Experience in the Educational Counseling Preparation Program - Research Proposal Example Actually, the latter has been extremely interesting and useful for me, since I have learned a great many new and extremely effective data from various subject areas within the material of the program. Besides, I have had a great opportunity to learned certain mechanisms and schemes in their action while practicing. Frankly speaking, knowledge from any branch of learning is beneficial for me as a future professional, but still, my personal feeling is that psychology has the greatest power for educational counseling. In fact, this science has conquered my mind due to its specific approaches, laws, and tools able to assist people in a very active way. This understanding has penetrated into my conscious to the extent that my plans for the future work as an educational counselor are prevailed with intentions to be guided by psychology as a primary and main principle of cooperation with students, their parents and instructors. So, this is my first disposition that has been opened through p articipation in the Educational Counseling Preparation Program. Whereas one compares current me with that person (another me) prior to the program, the difference is impressive. I don’t want to display but the changes are notable. The thing is that I have turned into a personality with a good bundle of knowledge and skills from a person with poor experience even in communication with other people. Definitely, I can’t say that I have been nothing before the program. Naturally, I have had some basics resulted from my educational background. But intensive learning in the Educational Counseling Preparation Program has upgraded my level in a great measure. Furthermore, it has continued the process of my self-improvement. In particular, my experience has aided me in the attainment of self-belief.

Revise Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Revise Paper - Essay Example Some of the examples include the differences in algorithm and heuristic rules. In my opinion, I find that he has a subjective view since the conclusions provided do not have enough groundings and contain only general observations. Still I find it to be an interesting article full of views that are believable and worth reading. Anne Lamott also demonstrates a clear point, that; writing does not occur naturally, even to the most experienced writers in the world. There is use of words such as â€Å"child’s draft† (which she regards as primary attempt to express the ideas, whereas secondary polishing still needs to be done) and â€Å"shitty first drafts† to make her argument more valid, which makes it easier for readers to understand that writing naturally is a misconception. I always notice that my first draft expresses mains ideas, but words selection and language in general requires amendments. Basically we can distinguish 2 steps of writing: expressing ideas and building proper linguistic structure of the text. An excellent illustration is in page 1 of her book where she asserts that there are no writers that write elegant first drafts. I agree with her view because it reminds me as a student that I should never feel embarrassed for writing my first drafts with so many mistakes. Compl eting the final draft requires analysis of all components which form one’s assignment: checking the smooth transition between ideas, logical structure of writer’s thoughts and language, which includes grammar, punctuation and stylistic analysis of the text. What helps is when the writer starts looking at a topic from different angles to get to the right ideas, hence the final draft. By making a conclusion I would like to say that creative requires balancing between one’s inner thoughts and ideas and they way those ideas are expressed via

An examination of employee perception of womens adoption of Essay - 1

An examination of employee perception of womens adoption of stereotypically male leadership styles in traditionally male dominated organisational positions in the 21st century - Essay Example Other studies have been done, but the root cause of the problem in Arabian countries is yet to be identified. This research proposal thus will examine a myriad of factors that hinder the progress of women towards CEO positions in traditionally male dominated organizational positions even in the 21st Century. Womens unequal status has been contributed by various factors such as their absence from managerial and leadership positions. A lack of cultural consensus probably plays the most basic role in determining the lengths at which women can stretch their ambition and this vacuum is itself part of the problem and as it is, as a social concern to development in the 21st century. Corporate management and organizational leadership has been a domain of men. Statics in various organizations have shown that the number of men in leadership and management is far much above that of women (Stephan 145). However, the difference in number of women and men in leadership varies from country to country depending on a countries culture, religion, and population demographics among other factors (Kottke, Janet and Mark 191). A conglomeration of committees, consultancies, commissions, conferences etc have been assembled over the last few decades in an attempt to address womens underrepresentation in positions of power. However, it is still remains a dispiriting distance in the quest for providing solutions to this problem (Gary and Laura, 25). Case in point, Arabian countries have fewer women in corporate management and organizational leadership. This has been caused by a variety of factors that will be investigated by this research. Previous studies have been done, but the root cause of the problem in Arabian countries is yet to be identified. This research will employ different methodologies such as questionnaires and interviews in order to come up with the relevant data to answer the research questions. From a theoretical perspective, this research paper criticizes

How to successfully implement technological change using Essay

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