Social Behavior of the Silvered Leaf Monkey Essay Example for Free

affectionate deportment of the Silvered cockle tinker EssayAdult Silvered pagination rapscallion (Trachyphitecus sp. ) can be distinguished by having silver-tip fur, with swart face, a feature which is entirely different from the infants. Infants can be seen as a starling bright orange. However, in Sabah (Malaysian Borneo) reddish adults excessively occur. Species Range Species of Silvered Leaf Monkeys can be found ranging from Indochina, Southern Burma, Southern Thailand, peninsular Malaysia to Sumatra, Java, and Borneo. group Size Species of Silvered Leaf Monkey are usually found in groups up to more or less ten. The average group size of Javan Langur is around seven individuals (V. Nijman, unpubl. data cited in Nijman and van Balen, 1998). found on Kool (1991) found that groups ranged in size from 6-21 individuals with one or two adult masculines in the group. Group sizes were find to be larger on Lombok Island, Indonesia, in secondary and monsoon forests than in tropical forests (Supriatna et al. , 1986). Foraging Behavior of Silvered Leaf Monkey Silvered Leaf Monkeys are observed feeding on new(a) leaf shoots or forest takingss in swampy areas, riverine forests and back-mangrove (Silvered Leaf Monkey. 2007). The feed of the Leaf Monkey consists of young leaves and leaf buds, including odorous and fleshy fruits ( secure and unripe), flowers, flower buds, and insect larvae (Kool, 1993). During sequences that fruits are unavailable or not in season, they extend the intake of young shoots/leaves. It was found out that half of the dietary intake for the subspecies T. auratus sondaicus consisted of protein- lively leaves (Kool, 1992, 1993). In improver to that, the leaves that, the Silver Leaf Monkey selects and prefers to eat consists of low-fiber contents which are easily digestible (Kool, 1992).Silver Leaf Monkey rarely eat mature leaves, they are observed to spent 20% of feeding time foraging on species of Moraceae. When the favored f ood are scares, their important food source are young leaves of the teak tree (Tectona grandis), (Kool, 1993, 1991). The midrib part of the leaf of teak tree are mostly pet to be eaten by the Silver leaf Monkey. Nutritional Value of Their Diets Part of their diet, are high protein rich leaves and leaves with low fiber-content which are easily digestible.According to Kool (1993) twenty seven to thirty seven percent of their diets was fruit in which fifteen to twenty seven percent consists of the diets of unripe fruit, and ten to twelve percent of the diet ripe fruit. These fruits that they consume consists of higher amount of condensed tannins, (which according to Goltenboth 1976 Davies, et al. , 1998 Kool, 1992, is useful in the diet because they may visit acidosis of the stomach by slowing down the rate of fermentation) and total phenolics. Part of the diet of the subpsecies T.auratus sondaicus are ripe fruits which was found causing acidosis in colobines, this is maybe the reaso n why colobines avoid eating this (Goltenboth, 1976 Kool, 1992). Some of the species in addition prefer eating fruits with seeds. Some of the important species of trees they prefer to consume are from Ficus sinulata, Ficis sumatrana and Vitex pinnata (Kool, 1993). Depending on what mental of fruits was in season especially during the month of July, August, September, January and February, the kind of food that different groups prefers, varies.Groups may feeds simultaneously having the same(p) food preference. Individuals may be observed eating while the others are traveling or resting. It was also observed that compared to other group of adults and sub-adults the male Silvered Leaf Monkey fed less frequently (Brotoisworo and Dirgavusa, 1991). traveling It was observed that the silvered leaf monkey (Javan langur) moves through the forest, quadrupedally (Rowe, 1996). Social Behavior The species of Javan langur are found aliveness in social groups of one or two adult males and some groups on Lombok islands are observed to have only one male.The males were observed to separate and travel solitarily or mixed with all-male groups. The male tends to maintain close proximity with other males the same is true with the females, who tend to maintain close proximity with other females. Aggressive behavior of adult females against one another of the same sex can be observed. Some females may tend to care infants which are not from them (Kool, 1991 Supriatna, etal. 1986 Bennett and Davies, 1994 Rowe, 1994 and Mengantara and Dirgayusa, 1994). Vocal CommunicationSilvered leaf Monkey produced a sound like ghek-ghok-ghek-ghok, which serves as their alarm call (Gumaya et al). Reproduction The species of silvered leaf monkey produces or gives birth to only one offspring at a time.References Bennett, E. L. and Davies, A. G. 1994. The Ecology of Asian Colobines. in Colobine Monkeys Their Ecology, demeanor and Evolution. eds. A. G. Davies and J. F. Oates. Cambridge University Press Cambridge. Brotoisworo, E. and Dirgayusa, I. W. A. 1991. Ranging and Feeding Behavior of Presbytis cristata in the Pangandaran Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia.in Primatology Today. eds. A. Ehara, T. Kimura, O. Takenaka, and M. Iwamoto. Elsevier Science Publishers Amsterdam. Davies, A. G. , Bennett, E. L. , and Waterman, P. G. 1988. Food plectrum By Two South-east Asian colobine monkeys (Presbytis rubicunda and Presbytis melalophos) in Relation to Plant Chemistry. Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society. Vol. 34, 33-56. Djuwantoko. 1994. Habitat and Conservation of Ebony Leaf Monkey in Deciduous Forests (teak), in Central Java. (abstract) XVth intercourse of the International Primatological Society.Bali-Indonesia. Goltenboth, R. 1976. Non Human Primates (apes, monkeys and prosimians). in The Handbook of Zoo Medicine. (translation) eds. H-G. Klos and E. M. Lang. Van Nostrand Reinhold New York. Gurmaya, K. J. , Adiputra, I. M. W. , Saryatiman, A. B. , Danardono, S. N. , and Sibuea, T. T. H. 1994. A anterior Study on Ecology and Conservation of the Java Primates Kool, K. M. 1991. Behavioral Ecology of the Silver Leaf Monkey, Trachypithecus auratus sondaicus, in the Pangandaran Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia (abstract) Primate Eye.Vol. 44, 19-20. Kool, K. M. 1992. Food Selection by the Silver Leaf Monkey, Trachypithecus auratus sondaicus, in Relation to Plant Chemistry. Oecologia. Vol. 90, 527-533. Kool, K. M. 1993. The Diet and Feeding Behavior of the Slilver Leaf Monkey, (Trachypithecus auratus sondaicus) in Indonesia. International Journal of Primatology Vol. 14(5), 667-700. Mengantara, E. and Dirgayusa, I. W. A. 1994. Social Behavior of lutung (Trachypithecus auratus sondaicus) in Pangandaran Nature Reserve. (abstract) XVth Congress of t

Internet Jurisdiction Essay Example for Free

Internet Jurisdiction EssayIn his article, Wolf (1999) explained how legal power may be acquired finished over persons who operate and use internet websites. By applying the rules enumerated in Wolfs article to a popular bit torrent search engine based in Sweden called thepiratebay. org, we see that no jurisdiction may be acquired over the users or the operators of the website because 1) there is a minimal level of internatural process among the users 2) the users and operators of the website do non engage in commercial activities and 3) the website does not provide contact details that would allow future disdain transactions to take place. Personal jurisdiction is an issue because it allows the court to prosecute any criminal activity that occurs because of the use of the website. It also allows the court to impose civil liabilities on any user operator who aptitude call for caused damage to a resident of place where the court exercises jurisdiction. In ordinary procedure , personal jurisdiction is acquired by either the arrest of the culprit in criminal cases or the service of summons on the defendant in civil cases.In special cases where culprits are not residents of the forum state, the court would necessitate to use this long-arm jurisdiction in order to punish those responsible for the illegal activity. The interactive-passive use test states that courts have to look into the nature of the transactions made by the users of the website. If the website allows users to have a two-way online communication which fosters an on-going business relationship, the court may acquire personal jurisdiction over the operators of the website.However, is the website merely provides info without any other interaction, the court may not exercise jurisdiction. The key question to be asked would be is the website operator doing business in the forum state? If yes, then the court has jurisdiction over the operator. ground on his analysis of Cybersell, Inc. v. Cyb ersell, Inc. , 130 F. 3d 414 (9th Cir. 1997), Wolf mentions that mere advertising is not enough to yield the court jurisdiction over the operators of the website.It has to be shown that the operators actually sold their products in the forum state. one time again, we see that actual business must be performed before the court can claim jurisdiction over the website operator. This is because it is only the act of engaging in actual business where the website operator is deemed to purposely utility of or submit himself to the jurisdiction of the forum state.

Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay Example for Free

Joseph Conrads intent of Darkness EssayWhen Marlow duologue of London being a down(p) place, the typography of nuance versus viciousness comes into play. Marlows aunt believes he is an emissary of unused, being direct into the darkness. Marlow sees this darkness through the placing of heads on poles, for a art object named Kurtz. All of this makes Marlow diversity his intragroup feelings of him ego, which relates to the theme of the journey of the inner self. Marlow talks of when the Romans runner came to Britain, and how they had surely brought near light into the somberness of London, and how one day that light may disappear. This relates to the theme of dark and light. As Marlow tells of his voyage deeper into the unknown, his depicted object for self-control is tested.Kurtz seems to inhabit his each thought. While this is happening, the theme of a journey into the inner self is seen again. There atomic number 18 certain patterns in Heart of Darkness one of these is the theme of terzettos. There ar three chapters, three women, three times Marlow breaks the story, three stations, three central characters and three views of Africa. Marlow indirectly suggests by referring to the Roman conquest, that the theme of colonialism has existed since the earliest times of human history. Colonialism is seen as one of the major themes in the book.When Marlow talks of London once being a dark place, the theme of civilization versus savagery comes into play. The book implies that civilizations atomic number 18 created by the setting of laws and codes that encourage men to achieve higher standards. London itself is seen as a emblem of enlightenment. We see this through Marlow and how he tells his crew that the Romans had brought a light into the darkness of Britain. Marlow and Kurtz are two antithetic examples of humanity.Kurtz represents what every man will become if left to his own desires, without aprotective, civilized society. Marlow represe nts the civilized person that has non been drawn back into savagery by his flavour of darkness. The book implies that every man has a heart of darkness that is usually drowned out by the light of civilization. However, when a man is removed from a civilized environment, the basic instinct of savagery must be unleashed. Savagery is linked to darkness, and in approximately parts of the book, we see Marlowas the light in this darkness.Marlows aunt believes he is an emissary of light, being sent into the darkness. Marlow sees the darkness through the placing of heads on poles, for a man named Kurtz. All of this makes Marlow change his inner feelings about himself, which relates to the theme of the journey of the inner self. Through Marlow, the book creates a voyage of self-disc all overy. All of Marlows experiences point to a change him. The thoughts about the people he meets, and their behavior, slowly begins to change.Marlows trip from Europe to the outer, then central station tes ts his capacity to discriminate between good and evil, since he witnesses actions which directly ask him for a moral judgment, such as brutal beating of the native worker. Marlows detailed account of what he sees, shows his compassion. Conrad suggests that those who are unable of controlling their unconscious mind office, run the risk of losing control the their heart of darkness.Marlow talks of when the Romans start-off came to Britain, and how they brought light into the somberness of London. He in addition tells them that one day that light may disappear. This relates to the theme of dark and light. In Heart of Darkness, there is an perspicuous contrast between what is light and what is dark. Light seems to represent civilization, or the civilized side of humanity whilst dark represents the uncivilized or savage side of humanity. In this book, dark and light or black and white, defend the same usual connotations of good and evil.According to Christianity, inthe beginning, e verything was dark. The same thing applies to London before the Romans came. At the same time, Africa was considered dark, as most of it had not yet been discovered. However, as Marlows journey progresses, it appears that dark and light are used counter intuitively. Darkness refers to truth and light refers to falsehood. In Marlows interview with the Intended, the windows of the room, which are normally a source of light, are covered and let in little to no light at all, as in a mortuary. The cold and monumental whiteness of the fireplace adds to the deathlike atmosphere.This shows that Conrad had used dark and light inversely.We could assume that the dark could represent the unknown. As Marlow talks of his voyage deeper into this unknown, his capacity for self-control is tested. Kurtz seems to inhabit his every thought. While this is happening, the theme of a journey into the self and the unconsciousness is seen again. Marlows story clearly implies that the kind of being men make for themselves, and for others, results from the character of individual behavior. Kurtz appears to be stuck inside Marlows head. Every thought is focused in this man he has never met. Kurtz wins control of men through fear. His power over the natives almost destroys Marlow. Kurtz is actually a victim of the managers murderous cruelty. It is possible that Kurtz might never have revealed his evil nature, had he not been tortured by the manager.Marlow struggles with himself, the person he thought he was turns out to be a nobody. Marlow sees the real person he is, and fears himself. After seeing the Kurtz, Marlow realizes how much like Kurtz he has become and regains control from his heart of darkness.There are patterns noticeable in this book. One of these is the theme of threes. There are three chapters, three times Marlow breaks the story, three stations, three women, three central characters and three views of Africa. The three stations are the inner station, the central stationand the outer station. These are symbolic of the stages in Marlows journey of self-discovery. The inner station is the first station he goes to. Here, he sees how the natives are treated, and gets a glimpse of the things he may have to verbalism in his future travels.He reaches the central station, and discovers that Kurtz may not be the man he first heard of. He was told that Kurtz was this wonderful man, who had plenty of power. Now, Marlow is beginning to see in his mind, someone that has followed his own ideas, and doesnt give care about anyone else. He struggles within himself to see if he is like this man. At first, he dismisses the idea that he could ever be thatkind of person, but soon after, he changes his opinion. The outer station is where Kurtz is finally reached.Conrad in like manner uses imperialism as a major theme in the book. Marlow indirectly suggests by referring to the Roman conquest over Britain, that the theme of imperialism has existed since early human histor y. As Marlow tells his story, a different narrator, who is also a member on the ship they are traveling on, sees the Roman invaders to be like the English conquerors. He expresses that they were both hunters for atomic number 79 and pursuers of fame. He does not understand that without the Roman invasion, Britain may have remained a dark country.Through Marlows recital of truth, pain, anxiety and the quest for complete knowledge, the major themes are revealed. Colonialism, the journey of the inner-self, the theme of threes, dark and light and civilization versus savagery. All of these themes lead to the understanding that Marlows voyage into the deepness of the Congo, is symbolic of the journey he had to take into the deepest side of himself. He successfully battled with his savage side, and came out a changed man. It just shows that no matter hoe arrant(a) something seems to be, there is always a heart of darkness deep within somewhere.

Belonging is a fluid notion Essay Example for Free

be is a fluid notion EssayOnes understanding of social identity is implemental in constructing a soul of individual identity. It is dependent on our circumstances in particular our interaction with others and our own perceptions in the midst of connection and disconnection. This persuasion base be explored finished a selection of famous poesys written by Emily Dickinson in the 1800s namely, The saddest noise, the tonicest noise, This is my letter to the world and I was hungry all the historic period. The 2010 pictorial matter sinister Swan, directed by Darren Aronofksy displays masterful renderling of film techniques to emphasize and illustrate the themes of grievous versus Evil, desire Perfection and Nature versus Nurture throughout the film. Belonging to one self is often the hardest challenge a person has to face, through its ability to both destroy and fulfill. Emily Dickinsons poems portray this struggle as she tries to understand the world slightly her whi le struggling to find herself. In Dickinsons poem The saddest noise, the sweetest noise we get a coup doeil of the paradox derived from the poem some the fine line between what is sweet and what is painful. The poem uses nature as a link to belonging through the description of the saddest noise, the sweetest noise of birds. The sound is used to consume the reader in the mindset that brings on a sense of both sadness and loss. The persona finds herself separated from those she loves and this is line of reasoninged with the happy, sweet song of the birds, echoed with the lines it makes us think. The saddest and sweetest noise is an explanation of the world around her but also the collocation of sweet and sad within herself. In a more contemporary society Nina draws her sense of self from the stereotypes of civilisation. contraband Swan directed by Darren Aronofsky is a psychological thriller portraying a production where the notable Swan Lake is performed. The briny character Nin a is generateed as grappling with her sanity, ultimatelycompelling the interview to contain the many prevalent key themes explored in the film such(prenominal) as Good Vs Evil and the hunting of perfection. Black Swan attempts to move responders into the mind of Nina, bringing them to feel and understand her struggle and pain. Aronofskys use of handheld tracking shots is effectively utilized to enhance and portray his key themes. The handheld tracking appears to curb Nina in many scenes throughout the photo making her vulnerable and entices the audience to feel that she is being sought-after(a) after. This technique makes it clear to the audience that Nina is trying to escape from the evil force that is gradually consuming her and pickings control of her life-time. This particular film technique assists in highlighting to the audience Aronofskys themes of mental mental unsoundness and the transformation from Good (symbolized by the White Swan) and Evil (symbolized by the Bla ck Swan). The erratic movement from the hand held camera highlights to the viewer that Nina is delusional, physically and mentally unstable, as the dark presence she is escaping from is fictitious.Dolly shots were also other film technique that Aronofsky utilized in the film to highlight his themes. The opening scene in the movie is Nina dreaming of herself dancing as the Swan Queen. This initial scene highlights her desire for perfection. Use of wench shots is straightforward in this scene as the camera tracks and focuses on the detailed movements of her feet, highlighting the movements required for success. There ar no faults in each small, agile step and this illustrates Ninas desire of perfection. The smooth nature of the dolly shot illustrates her fluidity as she dances. The theme of seeking perfection permeates Black Swan as the main drive for Ninas success and ultimate demise. There is a parallel to Dickinson, who looked for perfection and solace in nature but her inabil ity to connect with society became an insurmountable obstacle that she never overcome.Throughout Black Swan we see Ninas struggle to belong through her own perceptions. Her circumstance is dependent on her own achievements and dreams, not the interaction with others and the sense of belonging. This much like Emily Dickinson is a key idea highlighted in Dickinsons poem This is my letter to the worldThis poem depicts Dickinsons seclusion from the word at large. The poem delves into the perception made in Dickinsons clouded mind about the world around her. She depicts a distance from other, they never wrote to me. Immediately suggesting her perception of disconnection from world that never tried to understand her. She appears to be an isolated figure in the face of the world and her lack of connection with others is finally suggested in the subsist plea, judge tenderly of me. The addition of this plea to the final lines of the poem prescribes an immediate negative connotation from rea ders. Dickinson does not indicate a change in herself, however she is asking for the world to think with care about her and her place. This fragile and vulnerable poem is merely a concealment of the strength Dickinson withholds, much like that of Nina in Black Swan. Both these texts depict a clear perception of their disconnection with society but are however an understanding of their unique qualities.Black Swan is a film that challenges the audience, constantly blurring the lines between humanity and imagination, much like Dickinsons dense illustrationic poems. Duality is shown throughout the film with strong contrast between black and white. With purity in the color white is contrasted with the devil color black, depicting good and evil. As belonging to oneself is a struggle, Aronofksy clearly depicts this through Ninas battle to achieve the Black Swan, which essentially becomes her alter ego. This struggle comes from her inability to seduce and trick which, as an effect is exa ctly how the film makes the audience feel. The cinematography in the film is much like ballet tight and perfect however this sense begins to unwind as the movie moves to a close. A montage is used to capture fast shots that convert in angles and length so that the viewer loses any sense of what is occurring and becomes overwhelmed by the loud, fast music that mirrors the drive of the shots. This highlight to the viewer that Nina has lost control and no longer has the restraint and discipline that comes with ballet. Throughout the montage several snippets of the black swan contrasting with the white swan show clearly to the viewer the transformation and her change in behavior which reflects the expectations of her mother and deprived upbringing. The comparison between deprivation and hunger can be used as a clear link between Black Swan and Dickinsons poem I have been hungry allthe years. Dickinson uses an extended gastronomic metaphor to depict a fulfilling life chasing the purs uit and attainment of love. Her elegantly elaborated process of dining portrays this however the metaphor is merely a basic literary technique emphasizing the speakers estrangement from such fulfillment. Dickinson contrasts herself to the descriptive love feast with wine and ample bread to I had been hungry all the years. The extremity of hunger is coupled with the extended time period of years, to suggest her deprivation from the fulfillment of life from birth. Belonging to oneself stems from our own perceptions between connection and disconnection and both Dickinsons and Darren Aronofskys 2010 film Black Swan, portray this theory to a crystal clear extent.Ones understanding of social identity are instrumental in constructing a sense of individual identity. In conclusion both texts demonstrate the key idea that belonging to oneself comes from first an understanding of the world. Dickinsons isolation was a calculated choice, much like that of Nina. This close sprung from their ded ication to their arts and an understanding of the world outside their mind. It defines the idea that our perceptions of connection and disconnection are life-and-death in the discovery of oneself.

Catching Fire Essay Example for Free

Catching Fire EssayWithout hesitation, he reads, on the seventy fifth anniversary, as a reminder to the rebels that even the strongest of them cannot overcome the power the capitol, the male and female tributes bequeath be reaped from their be pool of victors.page.172, Catching fire. This is when Katniss finds out she has to go back into the argonna and the fight the other victors. Some of them will be enemies such as the victors from 1 and 2. Some will be picked off immediately or just walk around like the morphings. Others will be allies such as amiss(p) and volts or finnick. Finnick is an important character because he is brave, smart, and leal.Finnick is brave in the arena, because he fights of the attackers at the cornucopia with Katniss on page 269 and 270. He too swam Peeta to shore which is brave because he was unarmed and vulnerable to attack. Finnick has reached peeta know and is towing him back, oneness arm across his chest while the other propels them through t he water with easy strokes. P.273, Catching Fire.Finnick is also smart. In the arena on the beach he told them how to fish and find oysters on page 365. He also knew how to revive Peeta by giving him CPR on page 280. Under Finnicks advocate we spear fish and gather shellfish, even dive for oysters.p.365, Catching Fire.Finnick is also loyal. He may not seem loyal but he still loves Ann even after all the people in the capitol hit on him. He also closureed loyal to Katniss in the arena even when she did the opposite of everything he said. I see finnicks green eyes in the moonlight. I can see them as clear as day. Like a cats, with a strange reflective quality. Maybe because they are calendered with tears. No he says I cant carry them both. My arms arent working. Its true his arms are jerk uncontrollable at his sides. His hans are empty. Of his three tridents one is left and its in peetas hands. Im sorry mags . I cant do it.Finnick is a brave, smart and loyal teammate. He didnt kill Katniss, and saved peeta. He told them how to fish. He also let his mentor stay behind to be killed by the poison mist. He is a true asset to their team.

Beh 225 Assignment Diagnosis and Treatment Essay Example for Free

Beh 225 Assignment diagnosis and Treatment EssayAssignment Diagnosis and Treatment Beh 225 July 10, 2011 Assignment Diagnosis and Treatment According to the American Psychiatric Association, there is a fifteen percent prevalence of mental upsets in the United States. Bipolar dis night club, withal known as manic-depressive, is a mental ail. Symptoms of bipolar disorder include extreme highs and extreme lows with periods of normal mood in between. frenzied symptoms are being extremely active, talkative, distractible, unlimited hopes with no follow through, aggression, hostility, and violence.Depressive symptoms are feeling overwhelmed and worthless, passage of interest, insomnia, loss of concentration, and suicidal thoughts. Suicide is the 11th leading cause of death in the United States. Roughly, 29,000 people redact suicide each year. Bipolar Disorder can create marital and occupational problems as rise as financial diswhitethorn. Mood disorders are thought to be ca appl y by nature and nurture. Biological factors that may lead to a bipolar episode are chemical imbalances in the brain, hormonal imbalances, and inherited traits. physiological factors that may lead to a bipolar episode include maladaptive cognitive distortions. The text defines this as an illogical and maladaptive response to early negative life events that leads to feelings of incompetence and worthlessness that are reactivated whenever a new situation arises that resembles the original events. (Morris and Maisto,2005) Studies suggest that women are two to three times much believably to have a mood disorder than men. Being diagnosed with bipolar disorder is a lifelong and reoccurring illness. in that respect are different types of bipolar disorder.The symptoms of bipolar I are severe mood swings from manic to depressive that lasts at least seven days. Bipolar II occurs when mood swings are less manic, or hypomania, and shift endure to depressive. When ones symptoms are not deter mined to be either of these the disorder is called bipolar disorder not oppositewise specified. These symptoms are not as fierce as the I and II characterization. Cyclothymiacs is a mild form of bipolar disorder. These milder forms of symptoms continue to shift over the course of two or more years. When a person has four or more episodes a year they are referred to as a rapid cycler.Although the onset of this disorder normally occurs in the twenties and thirties some children are also diagnosed. Children are more likely to be diagnosed early if they have two parents with the disorder. The childs odds increase up to seventy-five percent in some cases. Many bipolar patients self saturate with drugs and alcohol. This action can trigger or prolong the symptoms. Bipolar disorder patients are at a higher risk for many diseases. These diseases include heart disease, diabetes, obesity, migraines, and thyroid disease. When one suspects they have bipolar disorder, a doctor needs to be cons ulted.The doctor will perform a physical examination, interview the patient, and order testing. There is no test for bipolar disorder but these tests will rule out other ailments. After reviewing all tests and lab reports a mental health evaluation will be preformed. Family invoice will be taken as well as interviewing the family of said patient. Bipolar patients tend to try out help in the depressive state rather than the manic state. This disorder is treated with medications and psychotherapies. Over the course of treatment, several(prenominal) medicines may be tested. The first choice of treatment is a mood stabilizer.The FDA approved lithium in the 70s for treatment of mania. In 1995, the FDA in treating mania approved depakote. Recently, the FDA in treating bipolar disorder approved an anticonvulsive medication. Anti convulsive medicines are lamictal, neurontin, topomax, and trileptal. Atypical antipsychotic, or second generation, medicines are also used occasionally. These m edicines are zyprexa, abilify, seroquel, risperdal, and geodon. These medications relieve sudden and severe mania symptoms. Anti depressants are used in treating the depressive slope of bipolar disorder.Prozac, paxil, Zoloft, and wellbutrin are all examples of anti depressants. Mild locating effectuate to medicines include headache, rashes, and heartburn. These side effects usually go away as one get used to taking the medicine. Serious side effects can occur, as with any medicine, such as tardive dyskinesia. This is uncontrollable muscle movement, usually around the mouth, that needs to be discussed with a doctor. In addition to medication, psychotherapy is recommended. These therapies include cognitive behavioural therapy, interpersonal therapy, and social rhythm therapy.

Tetra Packs Essay Example for Free

Tetra Packs Essay exchange of milk,first in glass bottles,then in persuadeets ,then tetra pick outs and hawk machines indicates how all over the years the instrument of furtherance have changed. This is make so as to reduce be or improve the gracility by innovating the mode of packaging. For instance, tetra pack keeps the milk safe for months and is made of newspaper publisher and burn down be recycled. Similarly, elastic packets involve lesser cost and vending machines in itself have no packaging cost Selling of milk,first in glass bottles,then in packets ,then tetra packs and vending machines indicates how over the years the means of packaging have changed. This is do so as to reduce costs or improve the goodwill by innovating the mode of packaging. For instance, tetra pack keeps the milk safe for months and is made of paper and can be recycled. Similarly, plastic packets involve lesser costs and vending machines in itself have no packaging cost Selling of milk,fi rst in glass bottles,then in packets ,then tetra packs and vending machines indicates how over the years the means of packaging have changed.This is done so as to reduce costs or improve the goodwill by innovating the mode of packaging. For instance, tetra pack keeps the milk safe for months and is made of paper and can be recycled. Similarly, plastic packets involve lesser costs and vending machines in itself have no packaging costSelling of milk,first in glass bottles,then in packets ,then tetra packs and vending machines indicates how over the years the means of packaging have changed. This is done so as to reduce costs or improve the goodwill by innovating the mode of packaging. For instance, tetra pack keeps the milk safe for months and is made of paper and can be recycled. Similarly, plastic packets involve lesser costs and vending machines in itself have no packaging costSelling of milk,first in glass bottles,then in packets ,then tetra packs and vending machines indicates ho w over the years the means of packaging have changed. This is done so as to reduce costs or improve the goodwill by innovating the mode of packaging. For instance, tetra pack keeps the milk safe for months and is made of paper and can be recycled.