Comparison of Indian and Mediterranean Diet

Comparison of Indian and Mediterranean DietINDIAN nutrition OVER MEDITERRANEAN DIET 13 MARCH 2017IntroductionIn nutrition, the term fast refers to the intake of adequate quantity of essential nutrients which argon resilient for the effective functioning of the body and dissimilar metabolic mechanisms. Humans, in general practice an omnivorous fast but the nutrimentary course of people vary in accordance with the domain and ad hominem fast preferences. The selective forageary behaviour among people led to the emergence of conf utilise type of food categories much(prenominal)(prenominal) as ketogenic diet, fruitarian diet, vegan diet, pescetarian diet and carnivorous diet.Mediterranean diet emphasizes on the intake of plant based food for thoughts, wellnessy fats such(prenominal) as canola and chromatic inunct, alcohol in moderate quantity, fish and domestic fowl instead of going centre which is considered to be a balanced health diet and the Indian diet takes a full(prenominal)er proportion of carbohydrates. The probe specifically focuses on comparing the dietary approach pattern of Indian and Mediterranean diet.Literature reviewMediterranean dietMediterranean diet refers to the tralatitiousistic dietary pattern that is highly practiced in the Mediterranean region. The handed-down Mediterranean emphasize on the higher employment of fruits and nuts, legumes, unprocessed cereals, nominal consumption of meat and dairy products. Adefinition to Mediterranean diet was first do by Ancel Keys as the diet which is menial in alter fats and high in vegetable oils which was initially observed in Greece and Southern region of Italy. Olive oil constitutes the diagnose element in the Mediterranean diet and the monounsaturated roly-poly pudding acidulous and antioxidant content in olive has found to express profound effect in the control of coronary total diseases, various cancers and age-related cognitive disorders(Keys, 1995). Olive oil comprises about 55-85% of monounsaturated oleic acid content and profuse in antioxidant compounds such as vitamin E and a range of phenolic resin compounds such as hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and complex phenolic compounds (Visioli Galli, 2001). The unique feature regarding the Mediterranean diet when compared with other healthy diets is that it limits the intake of alcohol during repast and the convergeded player of fat in the Mediterranean diet are Virgin olive oil, tree nuts and fatty fish. Another key ingredient of the Mediterranean diet is the legume which has proven to lower the incidence of coronary nubble disease (CHD). Legumes are composed of larger proportion of bean protein and piss soluble fibres and serves as a good source of proteins, vitamins, minerals, zed-3 fatty acids and non-starch polysaccharides. tilt is another prime ingredient of the Mediterranean diet which is a fatty source of long chain omega-3 fatty acids and considers a lot of health benefits. Alc ohol intake pattern in the Mediterranean diet has considerably decreased the mortality rate. Recent research studies endure shown that the traditional Mediterranean diet reduces the incidence of breast cancer, Parkinsons disease, Alzheimers disease and cardiac diseases(Trichopoulou et al., 2014).South Indian dietThe Indian traditional foods are referred to as functional foods as it includes functional components such as body-healing chemicals, dietary fibres and probiotic constituents in it. The functional properties are enhanced via food processing techniques such as sprouting, malting and fermentation. The typical dietary pattern of south India includes the grain-based foods such as idly, Dosa (fermented foods), light or browned rice, dhals such as toor, urad, Bengal deoxyguanosine monophosphate and mung, animal protein foods include fish, chicken, lamb, mutton and eggs, green and starchy vegetables, fruit or fruit juices, desserts such as kheer made from reduced milk and white sugar, jilebi , appam and Pongal made from brown sugar based cooked rice and lentils and desserts made out of jaggery such as Halwa (MISRA, 2011).The grain-based foods have a high calorific repute and confer a lot of health benefits when included in diet. Idly and dosa travel under the category of fermented food products vigilant from rice and black gram by steam planning. Fermentation process enhances the nutritional and protein efficiency value and the fermentative bacteria is capable of synthesising vitamin B12 and beta-galactosidase enzyme which promotes the promotes the probiotic activity and confer health benefits. Idly is more than digestible due to fermentation process and is widely consumed as eat meal. The food stuff that is widely consumed for lunch include the rice meal which include the rice, dahi (Indian yogurt), Non-vegetarian and vegetarian dishes. The rice meal is rich in carbohydrates , Vegetable dishes such as Sambar ( mixed vegetable curry), Rasam ,Vazhai poo poriyal which is prepared out of small-scale chopped pieces of banana floret seasoned with green chilly, table mustard, onion and coco palm which is highly nutrient and is effective against diabetes and heart burn , Non-vegetarian dishes are prepared out of red meat which are rich gravies composed of saturated fats and salts , dahi or Indian yogurt is rich in B-complex vitamins, folic acid and vitamin G and lactic acid bacteria which exhibit probiotic effect and controls diarrhoea in children . The dinner preparation includes the chapatti (indian bread) which is made out of wheat dredge and fish gravy (indian style fish curry). Wheat is highly nutritious due to its high content of protein and fibre. Similarly, the fish used in the diet is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, proteins and minerals which makes it an generous diet as it confers a lot of health benefits. (Sarkar, Dhumal, Panigrahi, Choudhary, 2015)Comparative study of Indian diet with Mediterranean diet and other die ts(Trichopoulou et al., 2014)Oil usedIn India cooking oils differ region wise, certain mono unsaturated fatty acid like ground nut oil, mustard oil and rice bran oil commonly used in India has similar nutritional properties to olive oil which is widely used in the Mediterranean. However, oils used in India dont show all impact on the cardio-protectiveness though certain studies on the usage of mustard oil shows 50% reduction in the hazard of ischemic heart diseases. Whereas usage of rice barn oil shows effect on hypolipidemia and win studies on these oils as well show positive personal effects on the cardiovascular health. Despite the positive effects of olive oil, it is not considerably used in India due to the traditional cooking methods, availability and the follow of olive oil. Olive oil not existence an indigenous is not commonly in stock(predicate) and is quite expensive making it less popular nevertheless subsidises provided from the Agricultural ministry on olive oi l and olive cultivation on with its nutritional facts is developing interest among people in India.Fruits and VegetablesMediterranean diets key factor is the high consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables. Indian diet shows low consumption in fruit and vegetables compared to Mediterranean diet despite India being the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world. The main reasons noted for low consumption of fruits and vegetables are availability, affordability and lack of awareness. Early start, multi- component interventions and subsidies on growing and storing of fruits and vegetables may offer supportable solutions on promoting intake of fruits and vegetables in India.LegumesAnother all important(p) Mediterranean diet is the consumption of legumes. Legumes reduces the Coronary heart disease risk and is high in protein and fibre. Legumes are also found to be rich in vitamins, minerals, omega-3 fatty acids and non-starch polysaccharides. Even though Indian diet contains a legume it is not up to the ideal consumption levels. India has a high production rate of legumes despite the intake levels, this is due to the cost factor. The challenge lies in increasing production rate at a lower cost, which makes legumes low-cost for everyone in India.Fish Fish plays a vital agency in Mediterranean diet, due to its long chain omega 3 fatty acids(n-3) it is known for being very heart healthy. Fish intake ratio in India depends from region to region considerably, whereas it is widely consumed in the Mediterranean. Alternate source of n-3 in India is commonly nuts, flax seeds and mustard oil, but it contains shorter chain of n-3 compared to fish.DrinksMediterranean diet consists of generally wine as drink, whereas in India whisky and beer are highly consumed instead of wine. The consumption pattern of alcohol also varies between the Mediterranean and India, for instance in India alcohol is consumed before food as compared to the Mediterranean where i t is consumed on with food. This pattern and the type of alcohol consumed has effects on the risk of CVD.MeatHigh CVD risk is associated with red meat intake, people following Mediterranean diet usually consumes less red meat. The United Nation food and Agricultural organization reported a rise in meat consumption in India, this shows there is mixed bag in the usual dietary preferences. Religion plays a main lot in meat diet in India, Hindus usually avoid screech and Muslims avoid pork among the non-vegetarian population in India.The comparison of Mediterranean and Indian diet is elucidated in table 1SummaryThe Mediterranean diet shows it is a balanced diet all together, whereas the diet particularly followed in India has all the required nutrients but doesnt knock against the required standard to meet a complete nutritional balanced diet. This can be mainly noted due to regional food being more available than the others and as well as the fact of affordability of certain food items, pattern of dietary consumption in India also does play a role in it. Despite this the constituents of the Mediterranean diet plays separate roles in their human relationship with one another and with the items which are consumed alongside with the diet. Therefore, fusing Mediterranean diet with the traditional Indian food processing methods followed in the Indian diet to establish mixed dishes could affect few of the preventive and nutritional benefits that Mediterranean diet alone holds, and this could also lead to increased risk of CVD substantially. Thus, successful dietary interventions should be implemented mainly for the patterns of diet followed instead of having isolated nutrients along with usual diet, hence aiding to develop an ample, stable and nutritional diet. The Ministry should also see to it that there are enough food items available at affordable rates so that adequate portions of food is consumed, thus meeting the ample nutritional standards in the diet.Re ferences Keys, A. (1995). Mediterranean diet and public health personal reflections. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 61(6), 1321S-1323S.MISRA, R. M. R. (2011). Indian Foods AAPIs race Indian Foods AAPIs Guide To Nutrition, Health and Diabetes Chennai Sunil Sachdev.Sarkar, P., Dhumal, C., Panigrahi, S. S., Choudhary, R. (2015). Traditional and ayurvedic foods of Indian origin. Journal of Ethnic Foods, 2(3), 97-109.Trichopoulou, A., Martnez-Gonzlez, M. A., Tong, T. Y., Forouhi, N. G., Khandelwal, S., Prabhakaran, D., . . . de Lorgeril, M. (2014). Definitions and authority health benefits of the Mediterranean diet views from experts around the world. BMC medicine, 12(1), 112.Visioli, F., Galli, C. (2001). The role of antioxidants in the Mediterranean diet. Lipids, 36, S49-S52.